Wide spread of the Information Technology in the recent past has replaced the analog images with digital images which are easy to produce, store and transfer through Internet. But it has increased the complexity in terms of security as digital format is easy to manipulate. As a result of the wide availability of both the Internet and some powerful image processing software, it is often difficult to determine whether an image is authentic or not. Thus the authentication and the copyright protection from unauthorized manipulation of digital image has become an essential concern in the digital multimedia era.
Digital watermarking techniques are one of the better solutions for both image authentication and Copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technique of embedding a digital code into a cover
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An image is said to be authentic if it has not been modified. Though Digital watermarking techniques are the best alternates for authentication, most watermarking techniques modify, and hence distort, the host image in order to insert authentication information. In many applications, loss of image fidelity is affordable as long as original and modified images are perceptually equivalent. But in some areas like medical, military, forensics, historical art imaging, remotely sensed images and legal imaging applications etc., where the need for authentication is often top priority, but they are equally concern about image quality. There are many misleading and misused incidents which are occurring these days with the unauthorized images. As an example in military, a recent scenario of image tampering is doctored photograph in which smoke condition of a war zone was deliberately thickened to increase the seriousness of a conflict [60]. All these factors have made digital media security a prominent research
This is done by calculating the hash value of the image, both before and after the image is
1. [100 pts] Refer to the Chapter 3 of DHS IT Security Essential Body of Knowledge Main Text (See DHS EBK_MainText_nps36-010708-07.pdf in Resources folder). Pick ONE competency area from EBK (data security, digital forensics, risk management, etc.) and provide the definition of each key term listed under that competency area. You can use the definitions provided in the textbook or search them from other sources. I have chosen the digital forensics competency area and the definition of each key terms as listed in the textbook are as follows:
Invisible ink is a liquid that is used to send messages that can only be seen when affected with chemicals (dictionary.reference.com). The ink was used to send special messages to others so prying eyes can not see the message. This type of ink has been used for hundreds of years to communicate. Invisible ink was used by Germans during the first World War to communicate with each other to pass on information about England (scientificamerican.com). Invisible ink was also used during the Revolutionary war by both the Brits and Americans (clements.umich.edu).
Imagine for a second that every phone call you make, every text message you send, and every place you go is being constantly monitored by multiple governments. Well this is basically what the United State and United Kingdom's government is doing on a daily basis. The United States National Security Agency has been implementing projects in secret to monitoring people since 2001 but it would still be kept as a secret if Edward Snowden did not reveal this massive secret that was intruding the public’s privacy for years. The U.S. surveillance program started because of the September 9th, 2001 terrorist attack that hijacked airplanes and slammed them into the World Trade Center towers.
With the introduction of new technology in recent years, the government can discreetly capture evidence from electronic files,
Student Name: Keshab Rawal Student ID: 77171807 Word Count: Title: The rise of anti-forensics: The rise of anti-forensics: Tables of contents: • Overview • Introduction • History • Categories/Tools of anti-forensics • Conclusion • Future Work Overview: Computer forensics is an active topic of research, with areas of study including wireless forensics, network security and cyber investigations. The goal of the computer forensics is to provide information about how the crime happened, why and who is involved in the crime in any legal proceeding by using the computer forensic tools.
Forensic dna has bad unfair effects on society, that falls into social justice, framing innocent people. Dna forensics can help solve crimes and put unlawful people and criminals to jail, but can also be used to frame people/mistake dna into incriminating innocent people. Forensic dna is a science that uses genetic material in criminal investigation/crime scenes to help solve and profile crime scenes. Scientist can use a single strand of hair, fingerprint, or nail to solve who was at the scene.
“The special properties and technical complexity of digital evidence often makes it even more challenging, as courts find it difficult to understand the true nature and value of that evidence (Boddington, 2015)”. It’s not uncommon for innocents to be convicted and guilty people acquitted because of digital evidence (Boddington, 2015). However, other factors can also affect the validity of the evidence, including: failure of the prosecution or a plaintiff to report exculpatory data; evidence taken out of context and misinterpreted; failure to identify relevant evidence; system and application processing errors; and so forth (Boddington, 2015). “There is a perception, largely undeserved, that digital evidence somehow alters the true nature of the original evidence and is therefore unreliable. Presented properly, digital evidence is capable of being of tremendous assistance to the courts (Hak,
This ultimately results is a subsequent communication which requires the holder to disclose those passwords or taking on an additional task of tracking the passwords. In both the cases, the level of work is expanded and the police investigator has to take on additional tasks then he was initially required to. This while increasing the cost of investigation also increases the time taken in investigation. Therefore while identifying the property, or the hardware of the computer, an inclusion needs to be made in relation to the passwords that may be protecting that hardware. Similarly for the data demanded in the digital format the investigator, would have to highlight that mere data in digital format is not required, but also the passwords or the code's which restrict access to that data are also required.
3.4 Functional Requirements • The system should process the input given by the user only if it is an image file (JPG, PNG etc.) • System shall show the error message to the user when the input given is not in the required format. • System should detect characters present in the image. • System should retrieve characters present in the image and display them to the user.
With two clicks of a button, the picture is instantly duplicated onto a new file. And there 's really no way to determine whether the image is a duplicated forgery because stolen digital art can be completely identical to the original, right down to the individual pixels. Artists can add a watermark to their work and display their name to gain recognition for their art. These watermarks can vary from small signatures in the corner, to large copyright notices stamped right in the middle of the image.
But in contrast, some recent war photography, due to the censoring of some photos has become nothing more than just propaganda and staged
For example the new version of TVs can sign in the web store images etc. for this we can understand that a TV nowadays it can be used for digital evidence. The most
Computer forensics is also commonly referred as “cyber-forensics or digital forensics” by various individuals, authors of books and also information security professionals. The goal of
The following section will consider advantages and limitation of the first two mentioned types of digital forensics: Traditional (dead) and Live computer forensics. TRADITIONAL (DEAD) VS LIVE DIGITAL FORENSICS Traditional (Dead) Forensics In order forensic acquisition to be more reliable it must be performed on computers that have been powered off. This type of forensics is known as ‘traditional’ or 'dead ' forensic acquisition. The whole process of dead acquisition, including search and seizure flowchart and acquisition of digital evidence flowchart is shown on Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.