Industrial Waste Pytoremediation

In a study of sugar maple trees in the Northeast, it was found that sugar maple trees in acidic soils produced fewer seedlings that actually survive (“Acid rain” 1). A stable soil, with the proper composition, is very critical when it comes to plant health. For instance, a change in the chemical composition of the topmost soil layer, regardless of how small it might be, can be enough to harm plants and decrease their growth rate (Mello 60). Moreover, the soil is responsible for providing the plants with various nutrients and minerals that are necessary for plants to function. However, during acidic precipitation, the acid rain can interact with the soil and affect the nutrients in the soil, which can lead to destructive outcomes.

Drilling also helps in testing the ground formation under the surface and finding minerals available and knowing water levels and whether they are contaminated or not. Disadvantages of Drilling Along with advantages drilling activity also comes with disadvantages. Petroleum and its derivatives supply a significant part of the world's energy. Oil is used to produce electricity, to operate vehicles and for a number of other vital purposes. Unfortunately exploiting the earth's petroleum resources has a serious environmental impact as the water gets contaminated and unfit for drinking until purified and oil reserves decrease which leads to scarcity of oil based products .

These raw oils contains impurities that have a bad flavour or odor. Fractional distillation is used to remove or reduce impurities. Solvent recycling and solvent purification is another area where fractional distillation technology is applied. Industry and laboratories use large amount of solvents. Used solvents contain contaminants that can be removed by fractional distillation.

This is done to ensure that the soil where the plant is to planted in have complete chemical components to ensure a normal growth and life cycle. Mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil are caused by soil organisms that eat organic matter (Meister,

In the end, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was an expensive disastrous accident that continues to affect the people, company, and environment. The Coast Guard and country must be more strict with the transportation of such harmful liquid. As well as, the companies must follow the rules and guidelines to decrease the chances of another spill

Pollution is a large and obvious problem when drilling for oil. Drilling gives off air pollution as well as carbon discharges--this is very bad for the environment. Another con is the possibility of an environmental hazard such as an oil spill. Oil spills can cause harm to people in the area, the environment itself, and marine life (GreenGarage). Along with those problems, due to an oil spill, there is also the increased possibility of a fire, and/or explosion.

Cadmium is present on the earth’s crust as heavy metal and its exposure in the environment is a very big challenge to environmentalist because cadmium is non-degradable in nature. In environment cadmium transfers from one trophic level to another and finally accumulated in human with toxic effects. There is an emerging need to remove the cadmium from the environment. Microbes are very helpful in this area to remediate the cadmium from the environment. Microorganisms used biotransformation and adsorption mechanisms for regulation of translocation of heavy metals.

Fracking contaminates the underground soil which has its consequences. According to the article, it can cause serious harm to vegetation and any pressure that builds up could possibly cause an earthquake. Fracking is considered more dangerous than conventional drilling since the possibility of the release of methane gas to the atmosphere is greater doing this method. Allstadt also adds that companies and industries should be paying very close attention in trying to develop cleaner energy sources (Allstadt 1). This gas is considered a greenhouse gas due to it having the same effect on the atmosphere like carbon dioxide.

Air pollution supports global warming which is a dangerous problem that is getting worse. Besides the effects that offshore drilling has on wildlife it also immensely affects global warming and the gases that are released from the rigs goes into the air that we breathe. Lombardo states, “No matter what personal stance on global warming may be, there is no denying that an offshore drilling rig produces an enormous amount of air pollution that can affect the shorelines” (n. pag.). Not only does do offshore drilling rigs pollute the air but they also pollute the oceans and create a deadly environment for marine life and reefs.

One of the most important causes of Nile contamination is discharging of industrial facilities (Mohamed et al., 1998). Factory waste contains heavy metals such as, Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu), which cause toxicity. In this essay, the discussion will point to Nile contamination as a controversial issue and highlight some health problems which occur as consequences of using polluted water in Egypt. Likewise, the essay will raise some scientific methods to determine the percentage of heavy metal in water supported by example. Then it will suggest some chemical technical solutions to reduce the percentage of heavy metals in Nile and reuse it again for many purposes.

Dieldrin is a organochlorine pesticide so that was taken into consideration when finding the right plant to use. The plant used for the phytoexaction were from the weed species and are known to extract chlordate, DDT, dieldin, endrin, and PCB’s from the soil. These weeds are planted in the soil affected with dieldrin. These weeds job is to store the contaminant dieldrin in their roots, shoots and leaves. The weeds are then harvested and disposed of in the appropriate manner.

The toxic chemicals released from extraction were poisoning clean water sources. This lead to increasing cases of cancer, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and renal failure in people located in areas near the present pipeline. These effects clearly show the vast hazard this oil presents for the environment and society. In conclusion, as stated and proven throughout this essay, the Keystone pipeline creates many environmental issues. The Keystone pipeline should not be built because it endangers the environment and has the ability to create catastrophic damages through pollution and habitat desecration.