The Psychodynamic Trait Theory

In theory this would prevent recidivism because the true cause of the behavior would be resolved. The crime control period views crime as more of a rational choice and values punishment that is swift, certain, and severe in order to prevent/suppress criminality which threatens the functioning of a free society. This “us vs them” mentality supports greater prosecutorial power, increased usage of punitive processes like imprisonment/fines, and greater police power to deter

A comparison between the Due process model and crime control model Within the criminal justice system, there are two competing models: the crime control model and the due process model. These two models were constructed by Robert Packer and each represents a particular school of thought. In managing crime, there is the individual i.e. the suspect and there is the society. The due process model is seen to focus on the suspect whereas the crime control model focuses on the society. This paper analyzes these two models and based on the rate of crime in the society, makes recommendations as to which is the best model in criminal justice.

The sociological explanation on drug abuse and the symbolic interactionist perspective overlap. "Functionalists focus on how drug use and abuse fulfills a function in society, and conflict theorists emphasize the role of powerful elites in determining what constitutes legal or illegal drug use."

Criminology is the wider area that is used to evaluate the context of crime. The scientific study of criminals and crime is used for evaluating the basis and reasons of crime done by people. It makes use of different theories and school of thought in order to analyse the reasons behind criminal activities. The main purpose of this paper is to consider one criminology theory or school of thought. The criminology theory that is used for analysing the requirements of this paper is rational choice theory.

Some criminological theories assert that individuals are born criminals while others maintain that individuals are made criminals as a consequence of the environment they are immersed in. In fact, biological theories of crime take on the perspective that crime is innate, genetic, or caused by brain abnormalities. Sociological theories of crime, on the other hand, contend that environmental factors such as poverty and who individuals associate with directly contribute to criminal behaviour. The view that crime is genetic, the nature theory, strongly opposes the view that crime occurs due to the environment individuals are exposed to, the nurture theory. Although biological theories of crime contend that individuals engage in criminality as

Biological theories of crime causation make several assumptions such as the basic human behavior including the idea that to a degree criminal tendencies are genetically based (Schmalleger, 2012). Other assumptions are that differences in gender and race may vary the types of crime and that human behavior, including criminality, may be passed from generation to generation allowing that a desire for crime may be

Crime is any act which breaks the laws of society, such as murder, rape, speeding etc. Social control is enforced by agencies such as police and the courts, more specifically defined than deviance. Deviance is behaviour which moves away from controversial norms and values such as burping, pass wind in public and queuing. It Can be positive e.g. extreme intelligence. Although in some situation in nature – time dependent of factors, place, who is involved.

The procedure of case linkage includes analyzing the behaviors of the offender in some specific circumstance (as indicated by the victim report, if accessible, or as derived from the crime scene), and comparing the information with the similar from the database. On the off chance that matches are found, for example the same weapon was utilized in both the crime scenes , the threats used to harm the victim were similar or the violations carried out in a nearby geographical area – this gives the police basis to explore the possibility that crimes committed by the same offender. Offender Profiling There is a absence of the standard agreement of the solid meaning or definition of Profiling, even in academic circles. What we can say for sure is that the end product of Offender Profiling is creating a psychological, and not only psychological portrait of the offender.

There are several psychological theories that have been applied to criminal activity. These theories are believed to impact moral growth and personality ailments in relation to crime. White-collar crimes and strain theory which is a social structure theory as well as hackers and learning theories which is a social process theory are discussed. Social structure theory states that poor individuals are the ones that commit crimes over middle and rich individuals. Criminals who do not have an equal opportunity are strained and will more likely to be involved in crime states the strain theory.

In the theory of reintegrative shaming, Brathwaite (1989) explained why some societies have higher crime rate than others, why certain people or certain groups of people are more likely to commit a crime, and how the community can effectively deal with the crime in order to prevent future crimes. Brathwaite theory of reintegrative shaming is heavily influence by the work of early theoretical theories including labelling, subcultural, control, opportunity, and learning theories (Braithwaite, 1989). Brathwaite (1989) supported control theory argument that individual are naturally drawn to commit criminal acts for the purpose of personal gain. Brathwaite argued that individuals who are integrated into the community and are involved in a committed relationship are less likely to commit a crime. In contrast, individuals who are not integrated into the community

According to Turvey, nomothetic offender profiles best describe the characteriaztion of an offender by utilizing a pool of study groups of specific offenders in specific crimes. So, when utilizing nomothetic profiling it 's difficult for the representation actual offenders that are actually out in the society. Instead, nomotheic profiling methods are developed for a representation various theories and hypothetical to build scientific methodology for profiling. To elaborate, nomothetic profiles are just hypothetical.

Chapter five talks about life course theory, latent trait theory and trajectory theory. These theories are the development of crime and delinquency. Life Course theory suggest that delinquent behavior is influenced by individual characteristics. Another influence is social experiences, and they can provoke antisocial behaviors in the future. Family, jobs, and peers can affect their behavior in a positive or negative way.

Theories help answer two very important questions; how and why. The purpose of a theory is to explain how and why certain things and/or events are connected to other things and/or events. Everything done in the criminal justice field is based on theory. In criminology, theories answer questions about criminal behavior that would have otherwise not been answered. Theories give clues to how and why people commit criminal acts.