Yuuyaraq: The Purnell Model

These opinions that support cultural competence in nursing for many reasons which are providing suitable care, proper

After reading Dr. Galanti 's articles about culturally competent healthcare please answer the following questions: What did you gain from reading Dr. Galanti 's article? Dr. Galanti provides insight into the relationship between cultural diversity and heath care providers. Dr. Galanti’s briefly states the difference between “stereotype and generalization”. The author recognizes that generalization may be a key factor used by workers in the health care community to bring awareness and a better understanding of cultural differences among patients. The article explains that although cultures differ in values, traditions, and beliefs, there are questions (the 4’C’s of culture) that may open up the line of communication, between provider and

Cultural competence is very important in providing patient care. Culturally competent providers should understand and respect the patient’s beliefs, values, and behaviors, and develop a treatment or care based on the patient’s specific needs. Being a healthcare professional requires you not only to assess, diagnose, and make a treatment plan, but also take into account patient’s beliefs and perception of their health-related issues. Nowadays, there is more emphasis on educating healthcare providers to not only focus on disease and diagnosis, but also incorporate assessment of patient’s experiences, feelings and perceptions of his or her disease into a patient care. I feel that most of the younger generation healthcare providers try to explain the disease and treatment to the patient and hear what is the patient’s perspective on it to ensure that a patient is part of the healthcare team.

In gaining knowledge of specific groups Campinha-Bacote (1998) and Purnell (1998) state the four stages nurses experience: unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence and unconscious competence. Being unaware that an individual is lacking in cultural knowledge is referred to as unconscious incompetence. Such healthcare professionals may read articles or attend classes about cultural diversity. They may hence know that culture plays a role in the delivery of care but do not know how to use this knowledge (Campinha-Bacote, 1998). While this student agrees with Narayanasamy (2002) that it is almost impossible to be an expert in all cultures, it is however expected that healthcare professionals make efforts to gain an insight into the cultural backgrounds of patients under their care. !

However, this does not coincide with being culturally competent. Health care providers must be open to different approaches to the same problem and be willing to investigate all options to come to a conclusion that takes into consideration the patients cultural beliefs (Kodjo,

Having a sufficient knowledge of ones cultural needs, could lead to the understanding of effective healthcare of the people; in furtherance of the foregoing leading effective to quality healthcare services. Nurses are expected to practice in a way that is subtle to the sensitivity of culture of the service users, families, communities and team members (The Code, 2015, sec 7.3). Health services show the need for health care organisation to cultivate policies, standards and practices to offer culturally competent care. In becoming a cultural competent in the practice, Cross et al (1989) suggests five absolute necessary aspects that need to be considered. These are: valuing diversity, having the capacity for the cultural self-assessment, being conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact, having an institutionalised cultural knowledge; and lastly, is having to develop an adaptations of services delivery reflecting an understanding of cultural diversity.

However most of them believe in God and in the power of prayer. Also, they hope to have a special place where they can pray. For example on page 114, a renal failure patient though she might die, but she was reassured by the minister who prayed for her. In addition she also got the support of the church members. In other cases, patients question the existence of God and why he is allowing suffering.

Cross-cultural methods and approaches should be taken to accommodate for the diverse patient population in our communities. I will introduce the culture clash by first describing the Hmong point of view on health and illness. Then, I will proceed my analysis by comparing it with the Western perspectives and practices on healing. Social stigma will also be emphasized as another negative factor

Cultural competency: Indians Culture competency is defined as one has the knowledge, the abilities and the skill to deliver care congruent with the patient’s cultural beliefs and practices (Purnell, 2013). As a nurse or a health care provider, increasing ones consciousness of culture diversity improves the possibilities for health care practitioners to provide competent care (Purnell, 2013). Nurses and all health care providers should be aware of other cultures to provide the best care that they can for that individual. Developing a relationship with diverse cultural groups involves good interpersonal skills and the application of knowledge and techniques learned from the physical, biological, and social sciences as well as the humanities (Purnell, 2013). I am choosing to select the Indian culture for my first assignment.

Cultural competence affects the patient and healthcare professional positively. Healthcare professionals can gain knowledge and skills to tailor to a patient’s satisfaction. A study by Soulé (2014), identified awareness, engagement, and application as the fundamental components of cultural competence in a health care workforce and health care system. Awareness can be likened to mindfulness of self and others. A health professional should understand their own culture, such as their naturally occurring stereotypes.

In the health career field, us as health care professionals will face a number of different cultural, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic backgrounds/groups. There will be many opportunities where we will confront all these differences and we have to learn to accept these differences and work around it by respecting their beliefs and traditions but also getting the job done. The Native American culture is one of many cultures that is so complex and strict when it comes to their beliefs against health care, disease, and sickness. Native Americans beliefs regarding health and wellness in today's world is with more than 500 Native American tribes, healing beliefs and practices vary, and the most sacred traditions are maintained in secrecy by being handed on from one healer to the next. Native

Individual cultures and belief must be recognized and respected. Cultural understanding is the extensive logic to be cognizance, attentive and application of information and knowledge associated with ethnicity, culture, gender, or sexual coordination in clarifying and appreciative circumstances and reactions of individuals in their environment. Critical assessment on each of the patient individually is very important and cultural assumptions concerning patient 's beliefs or health practices should be avoid. Several areas should be considered when assessing cultural beliefs of patients, such as individual insight of illness and management, the social organization comprising family, communication activities, pain expression, general health care beliefs, previous experience with care, and language. Cultural practices associated with nonverbal communication in the course of conversation are very important.

This makes it difficult to connect with such diverse cultures and backgrounds. It is; however, very important to have health care providers with cultural competent manners

Cultural competency is vital when working with diverse populations in health care because of all of the different cultures and ethnicities prevalent in our country. America is a true melting pot, and the acculturation which inevitably occurs, is an important aspect of assimilation. Since communication is a key objective in the prognosis of various ailments, the healthcare experience is reliant on today's health professionals to have an adept understanding of a multicultural environment. A regulatory dilemma which is common in today's culture, is the alienation of groups that are not understood by our healthcare system. These patients often resort to self care , which often leads to serious complications and other health issues as a result

The way a person thinks about health, “whether that is our ‘philosophy’, our ‘worldview’, our ‘framework’ influences what we do as individuals in practice,” as well as how we deliver the health service. These elements allow us to think about healthcare in our own culturally acceptable way, this isn’t always an acceptable way of delivering the service to people with views different to our own. Cultural competence is an approach that aids in influencing the service and the education of healthcare professionals. (Taylor, K., & Guerin, P., 2010). Cultural competence is defined as a knowledge and understanding of cultures, histories and contemporary realities and awareness of protocols, combined with the proficiency to engage and work effectively in a cultural context congruent to the expectations of the people of that culture.