The Respiratory System
1¬Exchange and Transport of Gases.
Task 1.
The respiratory system.
Figure 1.
Nasal Cavity.
Filters and moistens air inspired via the nostrils, allows exhaled air to be expelled.
Mouth
Moistens air, receives liquid and food, allows exhaled air to be expelled.
Larynx
The voice box. MORE.
Lungs.
The organs in which gaseous exchange occurs.
Bronchi.
The bronchi are the two airways that branch off from the trachea, each entering a lung.
Diaphragm.
A flat muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen. Its contractions work in tandem with the contractions of the intercostal muscles to create the pressure differential in the thorax that forces air into the lungs.
Pharynx.
More.
Trachea.
Carries air from the pharynx to the bronchi.
…show more content…
Four features of these structures encourage this process in particular:
- The scale and width of the alveolar walls. Alveoli are very small. A single alveolus measures approximately 4.2 x 106 μm3. (Ochs et al., 2004). The walls of the alveoli are also extremely thin, being the width of squamous epithelium cells that they are composed of, and measuring only 10 μm thick (Clegg and Mackean, 1994).
- Large surface area to volume ratio. There are approximately 480 million alveoli in the adult human lung, a figure which increases or decreases in relation to lung size. These numerous alveoli provide a surface area for gaseous exchange of 100-150m2
- The alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries. The walls of the alveoli consist of a single layer of epithelial cells. The adjacent capillary walls are also constructed from a single layer of endothelial cells. This allows the diffusion of the pulmonary gases – oxygen and carbon dioxide – to take place more easily than it could across wider cellular
…show more content…
The trachea has ‘C-shaped rings of cartiledge’ numbering ‘[b]etween sixteen and twenty‘ embedded within its wall (Clegg and Mackean, 1994). These horizontally positioned rings prevent the airway inadvertently closing off. The incomplete rings also allow the trachea to narrow to provide extra room for the esophagus during the process of swallowing food (Taylor, 2014). The inner walls of the trachea ‘consists of ciliated […] columnar epithelial cells’ that contain goblet cells. The function of the goblet cells in the trachea is to produce a ‘sticky mucus’ that traps any inhaled debris. The cilia of the epithelial cells pulse in such a way that the mucus is directed away from the lungs and into the larynx, at which point it is either coughed up or swallowed (Taylor,
Asthmatic Episode Analysis
716 Words | 3 PagesBronchioles constrict from the increased pressure in the lungs from exhalation. Inhalation is easier because it relieves the pressure.
Spirometry: A Career As A Medical Assistant
210 Words | 1 PagesUnderstanding respiratory volumes, capacities, and measurements will help me perform my job as a medical assistant because they are significant being a medical assistant. First of all, when the patient is on the bed, I will measure the respiratory rate while he/she is at relaxation. In the next, I will observe the rise and fall of the victim 's chest and count the number of respirations for one full minute. Then, I will record the current time, respiratory rate and respiratory characteristics. Spirometry is used diagnose conditions that affect breathing such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
2.5 Respiratory System
357 Words | 2 PagesIt also helps provide oxygen to the body. External respirations is when you breathe in through your lungs and carbon dioxide exhaled out. Internal respirations is what you inhales goes from the lungs back to the heart. 4. Describe eight signs and/or symptoms of the respiratory system.
Fetal Pig Urinary System
542 Words | 3 PagesIt is also flat and full of muscle. This allows for food to digest before it enters the stomach. While dissecting the respiratory system, I continued to study the trachea, as well as the lungs and bronchi to see how their structure related to their function. . As mentioned above, the trachea is a wide and strong part of the respiratory system. The structure of the trachea is related to the function because it allows for the fetal pig to receive proper air passage through the lungs.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
2175 Words | 9 PagesHyaline membranes help to the development of fibrosis and atelectasis (collapse) essential to decrease in gas exchange capability and lung dysfunction. These changes cause the lungs to become stiff, patient work hard to inspire. Hypoxemia and the stimulation of juxtacapillary receptors in the stiff lung parenchyma leading to increase respiratory rate and decrease in tidal volume. Breathing irregular increase carbon dioxide removal,
How To Maintain Homeostasis
1856 Words | 8 PagesLung volume and lung capacity are two measurements of respiratory health and measured during pulmonary functions tests. It is show the physical condition of the lungs. Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside
Explain How The Blood Flows Between The Lungs And The Rest Of The Body
911 Words | 4 PagesHeart, lungs and the Rest of You By: Olivia Abel 1.Explain how the blood flows throughout your lungs, heart and the rest of your body. Heart: Your left and right side of your heart work together to pump blood to and throughout your body which is separated by muscular tissue called the septum. In the right side blood enters through two large vein which are the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying poor oxygen blood from the body to the right reticulum. When the left side enters from the pulmonary veins and empties oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the aorta going throughout the body.
Summary: Skeletal Muscles
1789 Words | 8 PagesThe potential space between the instinctive and parietal pleurae is known as the intrapleural space. The intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures fluctuate amid ventilation. The intrapulmonary pressure is subatmospheric amid inspiration and more prominent than the atmospheric pressure amid expiration. Pressure changes in the lungs are delivered by varieties in lung volume, as per the opposite relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas portrayed by Boyle's law. The mechanics of ventilation are affected by the physical properties of the lungs.
M1 Unit 4 Seminar
685 Words | 3 PagesFrom these questions that were given out by Dr. Frander, many students should have a great understanding what to expect to the mid-term exam. Dr. Frander really encouraged us to study because most of these questions are difficult. For instance, she gave us an example in a patient who has COPD/ emphysema. What we have concluded from this question what they are looking for the emphysema patients don’t have a problem of taking air in rather they have a problem of taking the air out. The main problem of the emphysema, they have a lot of mucus, and the alveoli which where the gas exchange takes is impaired.
Bess Bug Lab Report
1131 Words | 5 PagesThe main body is broken into three sections. There is the abdomen, thorax,
The Oropharyngeal Isthmus: Chapter Analysis
193 Words | 1 PagesIn the beginning of the chapter, both the velopharyngeal port (VPP) and oropharyngeal isthmus (OPI) are mentioned in the paragraph that discusses the anatomy of the velum. The VPP is defined as “the opening separating the mouth from the nose”, and the OPI is initially defined as “an arch-shaped opening…, a causeway defined by the palatine arches” (Gick 125-126). However, the velopharyngeal port is frequently mentioned throughout the chapter in terms of its physiological functions, whereas the oropharyngeal isthmus is broken down anatomically at the end of the chapter. For example, section 7.1.2 titled Muscles of the velum, examines the muscles of velar functioning in methods regarding nasal air flow such as the trapdoor method, the circular
Ventilation Lab Report
1099 Words | 5 PagesThe walls of the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body with the next exhalation." (Dugdale, 2012) Ventilation is another fact because if this not happen our body will be full of carbon dioxide and the oxygen will be down. Many times when the people here ventilation they get confused and think that they are talking about respiration that is not correct, is correct say that ventilation is similar to breathing but no to respiration, they are different "Movements of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm allow air into and out of the lungs.
Total Lung Capacity Essay
785 Words | 4 PagesThe heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2).
Essay On Nose
2498 Words | 10 PagesWhile the external features are only for the passage of air, its primary job is to breathe and smell. Human nose has the capacity to recognize up to 10,000 separate odors. Odor needs to be volatile which is capable of entering nose as a gaseous state. Inside the nose there are olfactory epithelium (mucous membranes) located on the roof and upper part of both walls of the nasal cavity. Epithelium has some 5 million olfactory neurons and their support
More about The Respiratory System
Asthmatic Episode Analysis
716 Words | 3 PagesSpirometry: A Career As A Medical Assistant
210 Words | 1 Pages2.5 Respiratory System
357 Words | 2 PagesFetal Pig Urinary System
542 Words | 3 PagesAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
2175 Words | 9 PagesHow To Maintain Homeostasis
1856 Words | 8 PagesExplain How The Blood Flows Between The Lungs And The Rest Of The Body
911 Words | 4 PagesThroat Cancer Speech
1995 Words | 8 PagesSummary: Skeletal Muscles
1789 Words | 8 PagesM1 Unit 4 Seminar
685 Words | 3 PagesBess Bug Lab Report
1131 Words | 5 PagesThe Oropharyngeal Isthmus: Chapter Analysis
193 Words | 1 PagesVentilation Lab Report
1099 Words | 5 PagesTotal Lung Capacity Essay
785 Words | 4 PagesEssay On Nose
2498 Words | 10 Pages