The Skopos Theory
People translate in order to obtain knowledge or messages from the source culture, or spreading our knowledge to the other languages systems. These knowledge serves different purposes to them. They can be the need of spreading religion and culture, raising the educational level, boosting the political arousal, improving the existing medical knowledge, promoting products or changing one's belief etc. The reasons behind can be extremely numerous. As transferring messages from source text to the target text is exceptionally important, translators have constantly been striving hard in developing theories and strategies to tackle with tons of materials so as to achieve the best method to bring the information into the target culture and vice versa. …show more content…
The word "Skopos" stands for ‘purpose’, ‘goal’ ‘target’ or ‘aim' in Greek. This theory marks a significant shift from the predominantly linguistic approaches and moves towards a ‘more functionally and socio-culturally oriented concept of translation’ (Baker, 1998, p. 235).
The theory suggests that the skopos of a translation is determined by the function which the target text is intended to fulfill (Nord,2005, p. 26).
Under this theory, the source text is oriented towards the source culture and the target text is oriented towards the target culture. The source culture is not expected to possess any knowledge of the target culture. Therefore, skopos theory suggests that translators have to be flexible in tackling with texts by not just merely ‘trans-coding’ or ‘transposing’ of the source text into the target language, as this cannot result in an appropriate ‘translatum’ (translated text). Merely copying makes the target text like a resemblance of the original text without any true meanings and the resultant text is not readable in the target culture. The role of the translator is to create compatibility with the target culture and to establish ‘intercultural communication’. Therefore the translation at the end may be diverge from the source text as the translator or the client may verbalize the source text in different ways according to their respective intentions. Vermeer stressed the aim of a translation dominate translation, but not the source text languages. Even if the textual realization or languages are not the same between the source text and the target text, the translation can still be succeed in terms of the compatibility of the function and purpose between the two
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