Brief History
Illness from the 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu, came on quickly.
Unlike earlier pandemics and seasonal flu outbreaks, the 1918 Influenza pandemic saw high mortality rates among healthy adults. Although the 1957 pandemic was not as devastating as the 1918 pandemic, about 69,800 people in the United States died.
In early 1968, a new Influenza virus was detected in Hong Kong. This Hong Kong flu virus was similar in some ways to the 1957 Influenza virus.
In the spring of 2009, a new Influenza virus (H1N1) spread quickly across the United States and the world, this was one of the most unpredictable seasons recorded. Reports of Influenza activity began to decline in parts of the country, which gave the medical
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But just in case, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication such as Tamiflu (oseltamivir) or Relenza (zanamivir). These drugs will help reduce the infection by a day and prevent complications if taken soon after you notice symptoms. Tamiflu is an oral medication. Relenza is an inhaled medication, delivered through an asthma inhaler-like device. Relenza shouldn’t be used by anyone with respiratory diseases/problems. The side effects of antiviral medications may include nausea and vomiting, but these can be lessened if the drug is taken with food. Delirium and self-harm in teenagers has been related to Tamiflu. Pain relievers such as NSAIDs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be used to lessen the amount of discomfort from muscle aches and headaches. Some other treatment options other than drugs would be a holistic route or using herbal remedies such as Echinacea which is thought to improve a person’s immune system, goldenseal and garlic are thought to have antiviral properties, boneset can counteract aches and fever, and yarrow and elder flower can combat chills. Aromatherapy can also be beneficial in the treatment of the influenza virus, two drops of tea tree oil in a hot bath is believed by aromatherapists to ease muscle aches, while a few drops of eucalyptus and peppermint oil can be added to a steam …show more content…
Influenza is caused by a virus that is very easily spread because it may lay dormant on most hard surfaces for up to twenty four hours, it is also very adaptable to most host environments. The most active season for the spread of the influenza virus is early fall through late winter. Influenza can be very problematic for people of a very young age, people with health problems such as Diabetes and most heart problems, and the elderly. The influenza virus can still be deadly, it is hard to get an annual mortality average because the influenza virus can mutate and be very unpredictable in some seasons. Luckily there is many prevention and treatment options to help combat the virus throughout the
Influenza was a deadly virus that killed millions of people around the world back in 1918. The virus of influenza has eight genes with no fix structure, and the segment structure can change the virus fragmentation endlessly. The virus is independent and can replicate rapidly once it gets into your lungs which can the air pathway and the infected person would drown in their own body. People with the virus can spread it by coughing, sneezing, and sometimes people might touch a surface which has the virus on it and touch their mouth or nose without properly washing it. The virus has eight genes.
Kolata writes that initially, doctors did not believe this new sickness was the flu but a new disease. Scientists had not yet discovered how to isolate DNA and RNA therefore, they used unusual and by modern standards, inhumane ways to find the cure. Doctors tried hanging sheets in between beds, chewing tobacco, spraying throats with alcohol, and even bribing prisoners to let doctors run tests on them. The resulting lack of progress caused by the unknown created a cloud of mystery around the virus. For example, the government censored news channels that brought doctors on set in an attempt to calm the American people.
In Rio de Janeiro, the newspapers were only concerned with the spread of the flu (Doc 4). The historical context that this article took place in South America shows the negligence of medical centers. The flu had been known to the world as well as the alarming rate of the spread of it, yet there were no medicals safety precautions being taken place. By time the flu and reached South America, medical facilities had the chance to make safety precautions as to stop the spreading of the virus. The same angry reaction occured in British Samoa as the newspapers blamed the British government for neglecting to issue isolation when influenza had spread to Samoa (Doc
These actions proved effective, and it appeared that the Great Lakes station was through the worst of the epidemic. Officers announced that the rate of newly identified cases was decreasing by 10% every day. The city interpreted these calm reports to mean the city was not at great risk, and was lulled into a false sense of security (ROBERTSON: A REPORT ON AN EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA IN THE CITY OF CHI). On September 21, however, Chicago experienced the first significant rise in the death rate from influenza and pneumonia. The city of 2.7 million people sat vulnerable and unprotected.
At the time WW1 was raging on and because of this Sadie also recalls that, “it was eerie for a child to watch the constant stream of wagons going to the graveyard to bury the soldiers and those who had died from the flu. ”(Cdc.gov, Sadie Afraid Of His Horses - Janis) She and her family called Influenza the,”Bad Sickness”.(Cdc.gov, Sadie Afraid Of His Horses - Janis) The future of Influenza is not as grand as it once was.
This is an ethical and moral duty nurse, added that threatens the health, religion or life of patients who avoid vaccination, other than of philosophical reason, you can protect patients from cross-transmission. Recently Poland Jacobson as you did with other vaccines, e.g., measles, mumps, rubella and varicella is recommended enacting influenza vaccination of HCWs (Healthcare Worker). This view was supported by the mandatory vaccination argue that supporters can be justified in a given moral safety record of the influenza vaccine. In addition, failure, his own, to achieve the required number to despite the 70 percent vaccination rate for employees of the results from Johns Hopkins University Hospital (JHUH) of volunteer programs, senior epidemiologist
Cholera was a feared disease that attacked a range of countries from every part of the world. It brought about a sense of horror due to its horrendous symptoms and relatively high mortality rate. This fear was no less apparent for the inhabitants of Philadelphia especially after reports were written about towns such as Montreal and Quebec. One particular report written by the “Commission” (Samuel Jackson, Chas. D. Meigs, and Richard Harlan) and appointed by the “Sanitary Board of the City Councils” had a purpose of providing information about the cholera epidemic in Canada for the inhabitants of Philadelphia.
The Board of Health Superintendent, Dr. Albert A. Campbell placed "keep out" signs on the lawns of citizens that had been infected. When some of the homeowners removed the signs, he threatened them with a fine. Campbell had doctors give talks about the dangers of influenza before movies. He also asked schools to send home children who had a cold, but "that request was shamefully abused"." (illinoistimes.com) Campbell also threatened to quarantine the homes of the infected.
The influenza had been in America for two months, and in France for at least a few weeks. Even though the disease would eventually be called the Spanish flu, it actually spread across the world under different names.
It had a higher death toll than World War I, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Medical authorities of that era faced enormous challenges in combating and understanding the disease. They were overwhelmed with urgent relief work, which hindered data collection and made it difficult to implement effective strategies. The term "Spanish flu" originated because Spain, being a neutral country without wartime censorship, had uncensored press reports about the flu's impact, which made it seem worse than in other places. In comparison, the modern world continues to face health challenges, and the Covid-19 pandemic serves as a striking example.
Influenza was largely ignored across the globe. There had been no way to tell that the Spanish Lady had not yet finished her dance. In four months, influenza was ready to make a second round, far more deadly that the first. Influenza’s
There has been many outbreaks of the plague from the first time it developed and the time it stopped causing mass epidemics, which can be attributed to huge advances in medicine. There were three major outbreaks of the plague throughout history. The first came in the 500’s called the Justinian Plague, The European Plague which is the most known of the three major epidemics. The European Plague is where the Plague got its famous nickname “The Black Death”. The final major outbreak of the Plague was known as The Great Plague of London which occurred in the 1600’s.
The regulations put out by government ensured that the outbreak would come to an immediate halt, and if a new epidemic were to sweep through the states, it would be derailed. Another outbreak of influenza became prevalent in England in 1933. A doctor was able to isolate the disease and noticed how it spread. Lots of this was due to research from the Spanish Influenza, and the death toll was much lower. (Youngdahl)
Almost sixty years later the Covid-19 pandemic spread across America with breathtaking speed. Covid-19 devastated America because the people failed to act on Eisenhower's
•The flu spread through human carriers, shipping lines, and along trade routes.