The Stages Of Development: Kohlberg's Moral Development

This is when adolescents and adults act according to other people’s expectation. By behaving well, they win approval of others. The fourth stage is social system morality. Social roles, expectations, and laws are made to encourage good in all people. The last level is postconventional, where adults that are older than 25 have their moral decisions based on personal, moral principles.

Wallace argues that actual thinking and education involves gaining a conscious awareness, often that those around us are in reality just as important as we are. So while people are more likely to attribute behavior to another’s personality, especially if it’s negative, this is far from accurate. This is a big piece to Gilbert’s model if people do not use controlled think or thinking that is effortful, conscious, and intentional (textbook, p.65) to see someone’s situational attribution they are misinterpreting information. This occurs automatically and even involuntary, which is why Wallace referred to it as a default setting. However, even if initially people are making attributions to someone’s internal state, they can change this way of thinking and recognize outside situations.

In Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Judgment unlike that of Piaget, Freud and Erickson there is no age stipulation. Individuals however must matriculate all the stages of Moral Judgment in an ascending order or sequence; he went further to state that not everyone will acquire Post Conventional stage. Pre- conventional Morality: at this level authority is outside of the individual and reasoning is based on the physical consequences of actions. The first stage is called obedience and punishment orientation. The child is good in order to avoid being punished.

You are obligated to obey unjust laws because you tacitly agree to obey the laws, people have different opinions what is just or unjust, and there are many consequences when disobeying a law. Living in state, you give a tacit consent to obey the state by accepting the benefits given to you. Although it is not written or verbalized, this could be considered a contract. When you disobey the law you break the agreement and causing harm to the state. As stated by Socrates, the state has given their citizens education, freedom to vote, and many other benefits, so the citizens should obey the laws

He believes that different child has different personalities, temperament, attitudes and with different development stages. For Locke, the best way to educate our children is to subdue their natural desire for dominion. Locke understands that natural inclinations are not optimistic. Locke proposes habits to break children’s laziness and keep them from being spoiled when the child hasn’t start school yet. Locke understands that children have the natural desire to be treated

Differential association theory states that someone learn behaviors and norms from people within a group they have contact with (Bates &Swan, 2018). However, many others favor Travis Hirschi social control/social bond theory. Social control/social bond theory states that juveniles do not engage in delinquency is because they have socials bonds that keep them from engaging in unacceptable activities (Bates & Swan, 2018). Hirschi and Sutherland support their theory with great reasoning behind it. Neither criminologist is wrong, it all depends on the eye of

To begin with, Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is a way of “how individuals would justify their actions if placed in moral dilemmas” (Wikipedia contributors. “Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development”). It has three stages and two categories in each of those. There is Pre-conventional which has the two categories of Obedience/Punishment and Self-interest. Then there is Conventional which has Conformity/Interpersonal Accords and Authority/Social Order.

Nichols does not really talk about these type of bad emotions but he does mention that certain emotions have shaped norms throughout time, he just isn’t specific about it. Another argument against Nichols could be that children do feel guilt. If neo-sentimentalists are right, to think that something is wrong, for example, is to think that guilt is fitting for doing it but, Nichols claims, children who distinguish moral from conventional violations do not yet possess the concept of guilt. It is not easy to determine either whether children make full-blown moral judgments or experience guilt. There is some evidence that very young children exhibit behavioural signs of

A philosopher Stuart Rachels suggests that, “ morality is the set of rules governing behavior that rational people accept, on the condition that others accept them too”. For me this have a meaning that if we follow those guidelines we are being morally good, we can live morally by our own choice and if not probably we will have consequences and not just because a divine superior requires us live in morality. Even though I am a strong believer in God not all people is, therefore the social contract will apply for all

First, Frederick Douglass presents to the audience is the first stage of the moral stages. In Kohlberg's, “Developmental Stages of Human Moral Reason” he describes the first stage as, “fear of punishment and/or obedience to someone in authority,” (1).