TONI-4
Human intelligence is one of the most researched areas in psychology. The intelligence is defined as the ability to adapt to the environment and learn through experience. An intelligence test could not measure all the human intelligence forms such as social intelligence and language intelligence. In 1990, Alfred Binet introduced a standard intelligence test to indicate the children with mental retardation and learning difficulties. The test was designed to measure the intelligence based on the mental age of the individual. The Stanford university developed the Binet’s intelligence as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test. The intelligence was measured using the chronological age and the mental age of the individual (mental age/chronological age *100%). During the first world war period, the United States army developed the Army Alpa Beta test to recruit soldiers for the new positions and readership roles. The
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The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-4 (TONI-4), counts the intelligence, aptitude, problem solving and abstract reasoning skills of children and the adults within 15 to 20 minutes. The test contains figures with ascending order of difficulty and representing the shape, position, direction, proximity, rotation, shading, size, and the movement. Easier items contain one or two above mentioned salient characteristics and the difficult items contains several salient characteristics.The intelligence test results are useful for the different types of settings. In educational setting: To identify and support the children with learning difficulties, design the lesson plans to develop the children’s critical thinking skills. In organizational settings, to hire the appropriate candidates and plan training
2. IQ testing seems a bit more complicated that I once would have thought. How do we measure IQ in such a way that will reliably measure an individual’s intelligence against what they will do in life?
IQ while a good evaluation of a persons ability to solve logic problems is not the epitome of intelligence. If you have IQ with out practical or social intelligence in a significant quantity it wont garner you much success in the world. It needs an addition of that practical or social intelligence in order for you to become exceptionally successful within the world. The examples put forth in the book are of Chris Langan who’s IQ was in the 190 to 200’s range, Terman’s Termites (a group of students with IQ’s of 140+ that Terman followed for his Genetic Studies of Genius.), and Robert Oppenheimer. We also have two differing tests one that touches on just IQ and the other that touches on practical intelligence.
Older generations tend to believe that young adults, who are thirty years old or younger, are the “dumbest generation” ever. However, these young adults are not actually dumb, they are able to think more critically and deeper which helps them gain more knowledge and become more intelligent. It is invalid to compare the past with the present because in the present, technology and other developments are far more superior. Many people have shown themselves to be smarter than the older generation due to technological developments, and the increased use of technology. Sharon Begley stated that IQ scores “ have been rising since the 1930s” and these “tests measure not knowledge but pure thinking capacity” (Begley, Source 2).
Then after, in the late 1800s, Henry Herbert Goddard, Psychologist, translated the Binet test from French to English. Originally, the tests were to measure basic knowledge of children in the United States to assist with support of mental health diagnosis. There has been debates in the history of psychology about Goddard argument on how adults with lows IQs shouldn’t reproduce. It is grateful that now, society see the viewpoints a lot differently. Today, there are different IQ tests that are used for different purposes and to help diagnose individual’s learning disabilities.
In today’s society people often correlate test scores and percentages to how intelligent a person is. Although, I believe intelligence is also a mix of experiences, I strive to control what people judge me on, which is calculated numbers.
Intelligence, 17(4), pp.433-442. Psychology (pp. 169-184). New York: Peter Lang Publishing. Sala, F., Urch Druskat, V. and Mount, G. (2006).
Standardized testing has become one of the most popular types of testing in U.S. public schools to date. Students take numerous standardized tests throughout their childhood schooling. (Studies show that a typical student takes an average of 112 mandated standardized tests between Pre-K and 12th grade.) While standardized testing is one of the main procedures that Universities use to judge incoming students, it is not proven to be the most effective way to convey a student’s actual intelligence level. The U.S. should not focus so heavily on standardized testing because it is not a complete accurate measurement of a student’s intelligence.
Based on the reflection of emotional intelligence case study on Kathy Smith, she is a experienced and competent project manager with ambitious, determined, confident and goal oriented. With the assigned of oversee a multimillion-dollar chemical plant construction project in southeast asia, she need to work with a team of local people. The working style of Kathy is top to down which is directive and performance-oriented. In my understanding of this case study, Kathy Smith is a person that lacks of cross cultural intelligence and competence. Despite experiencing problems with the team, she tend to persists in her own normal approach to work.
A look ahead in the first decade of the twentieth century, Alfred Binet also developed an individually administered test of
What is intelligence? Can true intelligence even be measured? The theory is that certain tests can measure such intelligence and intellectual achievement. Testing in education and physically, is an attempt to measure a person’s knowledge, or other characteristics in a systematic way. Also, teachers give test to find the certain abilities students possess and tell whether they have learned the subject (“Testing”181).
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE INTRODUCTION Throughout history, numerous researchers have suggested different definitions regarding intelligence and that it is a single, general ability, while other researchers believed that the definition of intelligence includes a range of skills. Spearman (general intelligence), Gardner (multiple intelligence) and Goleman (emotional intelligence) have all looked into further research regarding intelligence, where 3 different theories were formed regarding what intelligence is and how it should be defined. Since then, Binet, Simon and Terman have all contributed to intelligence testing. Although, there is still controversy over intelligence testing.
Likewise, the Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory is also a very useful model for developing any systematic approach for nurturing and training learners and respecting their individual needs and strengths within a classroom setting. According to Emmer and Evertson (2009) multiple intelligence aids teachers in easily creating more personalized and diversified instructional experiences. It offers the teachers to help students become empowered by extending and promoting cognitive bridging techniques based on the seven intelligences, by fostering in them a deep metacognitive understanding and advancing suggestions for a broad array of skills and techniques to deal with different types of learners. This theory is summarized by Howard Gardner in his book Frames of Mind (2006) namely: Linguistcs, Logical Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. Using these techniques can help create ‘instructional bridges’ into difficult concepts.
Cognitive development is a process which enhancing the ability of learning. The cognitive theories emphasize on conscious thoughts which highlight the mental aspects of development such as logic and memory. The primary factors of cognitive theories is the structure and development of the individual’s thought processes and the means of these processes can effort the person’s understanding of the world. Therefore, the cognitive theories study on how this understanding, and the expectations it creates, can affect the individual’s behavior. There are three types of cognitive development theories in human which are Piaget’s Cognitive development theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive theory and Information-Processing theory.
It is essential in preparing self report scales which individual performance can be compared with standard performance. Other measurements: The other various measures are also used to assess ability in emotional intelligence. 1. Diagnostic analysis of non verbal accuracy 2.
Resources could be anything from raw materials, skilled workers, or capital to finance the company. A clothing manufacturer cannot produce products if it does not receive the materials to make the clothing, skilled workers to run the machines, or the finances to pay the workers. These can have a positive or a negative influence on a company because these things are required for the success of the company. Another negative impact could result from the high demand for skilled workers because there will be more competition to attract those workers. Describe four steps involved when setting up an employee training program for a specific job: