Theories About Second Language Acquisition

Humans have been using the language for long centuries. It is very important to communicate with each other in daily life, but how do people acquire the language?! Scientists research in this topic for a long time, and define, acquire language in two categories: first-language acquisition that acquires by listening to the sound in the surrounding environment, then begin to imitate them and producing words, and the second-language acquisition learn the elements of a new language such as vocabulary, grammatical structure, and writing. In addition, there are three theories about the second language acquisition, each one of them has a different view.

First, the 'acquisition-learning hypothesis ', in the learning, learners focus on rules and forms of the language, and in the acquisition, learners focus on communicating messages and meanings. Secondly, the 'monitor hypothesis ' which says what have been learned could use it to edit the speech and give a perfect massage. Thirdly, the 'natural order hypothesis ' assumes that the second language learners begin with known steps as the steps in learning the first language. Fourthly, the 'comprehensible input hypothesis ' it reflects the Krashen 's view that second language learning occurs as a result of exposure to varied linguistic input. Finally, the 'affective filter hypothesis ' it suggests, some variables, such as motivation, Receptivity, and self-confidence, which impact on second language learners ' success or failure. The last theory is "behaviourism" it based on that learning occurs through a process of imitation and practice. Moreover, this theory has a hypothesis

In addition, each one of these theories has agreed with how the environment and varied inputs are effective to develop the language acquisition process. First, universal grammar said to contain general principles underlying all languages. The task of children is to discover how those principles used in their environment by, observes and analyzes the grammars, rules, and structures. Secondly, monitor theory has a 'comprehensible input hypothesis ' which assume that if the learners exposure to a lot of meaningful and varied linguistic inputs as words and sentences, will help them to be able to speak well and improve their language. Thirdly, is the behaviourism it sees the environment as a crucial because it is the source of the linguistic stimuli. As well, it 's important to provide linguistic terms for learners and helps them to make relate between the words they hear and the action they see, also get feedback on