Theories About Second Language Acquisition

Learning a language from a social perspective is important because it gives the child the opportunity to interact with others and the environment. This is referred to the interactionist theory. “Similar to the behaviorist theory, the interactionist theory believes that nurture is crucial in the process of language development. Though, the interactionist perspective differs from the behaviorist

2. Be sure that the environment is set up in a way that will support bilingual children: In diverse classrooms every child should feel that their own culture is valued just as much as their peers. Teachers can make the effort to use labels in the child’s native language or provide books for them, this way they can begin to feel secure in their new setting. This will provide needed support. According to the NAEYC when educators encourage a child’s home language in classrooms, as well as their literacy development, they are contributing to that child’s ability to learn English language skills (NAEYC,

When it is taken into account in the field of language teaching, it shows how languages are learned. Behaviorist psychology had a significant effect on the teaching and learning principles of audio-lingual method. In Audiolingualism, the underlying theory of learning is behaviorist. Stimulus, response, and reinforcement are the main components of Behaviorism. When we adjust it to language learning; the stimulus is the information about foreign language, the response is student’s reaction on the presented material, and the reinforcement is natural “self-satisfaction of target language use (Richards & Rodgers, 1987).

Even if genetically we are designed to acquire a language, the communication with people sharing the same language’s characteristics is essential. This interaction’s crucial role would explain the obvious nurture importance in the process of acquiring a language. Many linguists have defended the importance of the environment and experiences in the acquisition of a language. Piaget argued that language is not the direct result of an innate characteristic but a capacity related to cognitive development. There are many social and linguistic factors which determine the development of this process.

Aural means related to sense of hearing and oral related to verbal communication. Surely when the student is getting better in both listening and speaking they will reach communicative competence. Communicative competence refers to the level of language learning that enables language users to convey their message to others and to understand others’ messages within specific context (Hymes, 1972). Of course to reach this competence, both listening and speaking improvement is really needed. The Aural-Oral approach is very effective to be implemented in English Language Teaching in case to build communicative competence of student.

Definition: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach to language teaching which supports the development of learners' abilities to use language fluently and meaningfully. The main function of CLT is teaching communicative competence (Richards, 2005). According to Richards (2005), communicative competence means using language for different purposes and functions, modifying language use according to settings and participants, producing and understanding different text types and continuing communication with limitations in language. Principles of CLT: There are many principles of CLT that basically focus on communication. Richards (2005) indicated that the principles of CLT are: language learning focus on real communication, learners

The students will develop pride in themselves and their heritage. Thus, the psychological and cognitive aspects involved in learning of two or more languages in an educational setting, the challenges of linguistic planning and the translation of information across languages is what we shall discuss elaborately in subsequent sections. I shall attempt to provide on the one hand an overview of L1 learning, and on the other hand some ways in which this relates to L2 learning in a

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Problem Language has a central role in the development of intellectual, social, and emotional learners. It supports the success in learning all fields of the study. Learning the language is expected to help learners to know them, their culture, and other cultures. In addition, learning language also helps learners are able to express ideas and feelings, participate in society, and use an analytical and imaginative ability that was in theirs.

Keeping in mind the end goal to enable learners to create certainty and confidence, cognitively teachers must examine the proposes of reading instruction and enable learners to create explanatory, procedural, and restrictive learning of these psychological methodologies, in this way assembling that would advance learners metacognitive control of particular learning strategies. The Linguistic foundations of reading and writing development is based on the viewpoint that the writer or reader uses their knowledge of the things around them and the structure of language to make connections of reading or writing content. According to research linguists, all cultures try to represent key aspects of their verbal language into their written languages. Based on major developments and contributions, " Letters and letter units correspond to particular sounds (phonemes); spaces in between words represent junctures in spoken language; and typographical RUNNING HEAD: Benchmark Reading Instruction features represent other linguistic properties (emphasis, the end of the sentence, etc.)"