Language: Whol Whole Language Approach

This way children have time to practice writing and enhance their understanding of letters and sounds. By doing writing activities children are exposed to new vocabulary and spelling. You can play games with children that involve word and letter recognition. It is also important for educators to share stories, books, and songs in their classrooms. It is important for educators to foster a child’s confidence and appreciation for reading and writing.

Share (1999) convincingly describes how decoding skills are supported by vocabulary, syntactic and semantic understandings. Speece and Cooper (2002) report a connection between early semantic skills and reading comprehension in their study of the connection between oral language and early reading. Decoding is vital because it is the basis on which all other reading instruction builds. If children are unable to decode words their reading will lack fluency, their vocabulary will be restricted, and their reading comprehension will suffer. Explicit, systematic and multi-sensory phonics instruction produces effective decoding skills.

Define Content Area Literacy (CL): Content Area literacy is the ability to use reading and writing for the acquisition of new content in a given discipline. Content literacy is connected to all subject areas, and has the potential to maximize content acquisition: 3. What are the differences between DL and CL? Content area literacy strategies are the basic set of strategies students use when reading and responding to texts, with little differentiation being made across the content-area subjects. For example, students may learn techniques for determining important information, making inferences, asking questions, and summarizing.

These factors dictate the child’s early literacy opportunities, how literacy is valued, and support the child receives at home in regard to reading and writing. Environment is important in ensuring the child has sufficient exposure to literature. The environment includes home and school (Rohde, 2015). Pellegrini (2001) states that the role of social contexts, specifically through relationships, is critical in developing literate

Teaching assistant talks through the process step-by-step to show the children how things are done, for example, how to make, confirm or change predictions. Teaching assistant can model re-reading of the text if the meaning is unclear and can model working out a difficult word. Writing can be modelled by using the whiteboard. Teaching assistant can model how to use strategies to help reading and writing. Through the modelling process the children should get confident enough to talk, think, share and reflect; they should want to be let free to do their

Semantics: the child has an understanding of written and reading vocabulary. The child can also visualize the words. Syntactic: The child understands the correct use of sentence structure when

The early reader: develops more confidence and uses a variety of methods, such as relying on visual cues, to identify words in texts adapts his or her reading to different kinds of texts recognizes many words, knows a lot about reading, and is willing to try new texts 4. The fluent reader: thinks of reading as a good thing and does it automatically uses a variety of methods to identify words and their meaning scan read various kinds of texts and predict events in a story relates the meaning of books to his or her own experience and knowledge, and understands what is new It takes time to pass through each of these stages, and your child will need plenty of attention and support as he or she moves through them. You can play a leading role in helping your child acquire the reading skills he or she needs to

Skilled readers, for instance, anticipate what is about to take place next in a story with the use of hints given in the text, devise questions about the main idea, message, or plot of the text,and monitor understanding of the sequence, context, or characters (Sanders, 2001). Numerous pupils that fight to learn how to read and become active readers are able, with proper guidance, to take care of their primary reading difficulties of becoming accurate decoders (Adams, 1990). Adams (1990) described good comprehenders as fluent readers. Therefore, in order to comprehend better as to be a fluent reader, learners need to see the text formed and arranged in such a way that simply can be interpreted, and which is indicative of the relationships amid its ideas and concepts. Tracing back to 1972, a research was carried out at Cornell University by Novak and Gowin, that children’s scientific conceptual change processes were directed to

It helps to develop their abilities and their imagination. Children 's books when involve simple words with multiple images the child can understand the intended message. Also, illustration in picture books is contributing to the development of the child. In addition, help them to stimulate his imagination, development his abilities and the discovery of his identity and knowledge of cultural heritage. Also, help them to link concepts with words.

It gives strategies such as reader-generated questions. Asking learners to read a text, teachers must identify information that is necessary for understanding the text, evaluate learners' prior knowledge of these necessities, and fill any gaps that are found. It will help me to plan responsive activities around reading and interpreting texts. Sharing ideas, comparing perspectives, and coming to the agreement are all ways that learners use the language of the text in meaningful ways, and therefore progress to higher levels of language proficiency and reading

Children must be given the opportunity to observe, gather data, experiment, compare, and formulate hypotheses when reading informational books (Norton 499). Organization is also very important when writing informational books. The ideas in the book must be broken down carefully to make them easy for children to read and understand. The style must, also be accurate and not too difficult for children of a certain age to understand what was written in the books (Norton

Why is the strategy appropriate for ELL instruction? Explain how instructional activities will be differentiated. This strategy is appropriate for ELL instruction because an anticipation guide can be completed orally. Students can express their thoughts about a story by speaking to a partner or to a teacher. The number of statements to be answered can also be modified and simple statements can be made to encourage student ideas without being too overwhelming.

Having students fully engaged with a text to achieve meaningful learning requires some components be put in place. The text must be on their appropriate instructional reading level, so as not to frustrate them. The students must have the skills to read and then critically analyze the content. To do this, students must usually have scaffolded instruction on how to analyze a text, for example how to make inferences or connect a topic to its real word application. Students also must have the opportunity to discuss with others the text to deepen their understanding by using others points of view to help deepen their own understanding.

Developing children’s language and literacy through modelling reading books aloud, or one on one discussion’s not only encourages conversations and collaborative thinking but also helps children gain a deeper understanding by being able to listen and absorb the language being used around them. Allowing children to be actively engaged with a book such as retelling a story though dramatisation or inviting children to play with objects related to concepts or characters in the book (Wasik & Bond, 2001) increases a child’s comprehension and language development. Early childhood settings base their pedagogy and practice around a play based program, I believe that children learn through hands on experiences as they experiment with the trial and error of their actions. John Dewey’s (1897) philosophy of progressive education redirected today’s early childhood education as it emphasizes the need to learn by doing, as he believed that human beings learn through a ‘hands on’ approach. Children must be able to interact and explore with their environment in order for them to adapt and learn, by creating a child-centred approach in an early childhood setting this allows for the child’s needs and interests to be catered for.

This chapter outlines how children learn how to read. The way children learn how to read is using background knowledge and experiences in order to comprehend what they are reading. The author also lists “The Three Cs, in which the content is vocabulary rich and designed to be understood by a young child of a certain; the context enables back-and-forth conversation and opportunities for exploration; and the needs and interests of the individual child are considered” (Guernsey and Levine 27). These components are very important in ensuring that children become proficiency in reading and writing. Connections The book makes a comparison between good and not so good readers.