The Harlem Renaissance was a significant cultural movement that took place in the early 20th century, primarily among African American artists, writers, and musicians. One of the most prominent writers of this period was Zora Neale Hurston, whose novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God" reflects and departs from the Harlem Renaissance by exploring the protagonist's journey towards self-identity and challenging traditional gender roles through the lens of the African American experience in the early 20th century.
In the novel, "Their Eyes Were Watching God," Zora Neale Hurston reflects the themes of the Harlem Renaissance by portraying the protagonist Janie's journey towards self-identity and overcoming the challenges she faces with gender roles.
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For example, This transformation is depicted in the quote, "The young girl was gone, but a handsome woman had taken her place. She tore off the kerchief from her head and let down her plentiful hair”(Hurston 97). Hurston uses this image to show how Janie sheds the expectations of society and embraces her true self. This shows that Janie discovered her true self-identity after Joe’s death. She finally felt free to start bettering herself as an african american woman. The quote "This business of the head rag irked her endlessly. But Jody was set on it, her hair was not gonna show in the store" (Hurston 55), exemplifies the challenges that Janie faces with gender roles and societal expectations. Jody, Janie's husband, insists that she wear a head rag to cover her hair while working in their store. This symbolizes the limitations that society places on women, particularly African American women, in terms of their appearance and behavior. Despite Janie's annoyance with the head rag, Jody's determination to enforce it highlights the power dynamics in their …show more content…
Janie is a strong-willed, independent woman who does not conform to traditional gender norms. For example, While Nanny is expressing her concern for Janie she says "Nother thing, Ah hates tuh see folks lak me and mixed up wid' em. Us oughta”(Hurston 141). This quote demonstrates how Janie's journey toward self-identity departs from the Harlem Renaissance’s idea of collective identity. Janie resists the idea that she should be defined by her race or social status and instead asserts her individuality. This emphasizes how Janie’s individual identity is a departure from the idea of collective identity promoted by many writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Janie rejects the expectations placed upon her by society and refuses to conform to the traditional roles of women during this period. Another example of how “Their Eyes Were Watching God” departed from the Harlem Renaissance is when Logan challenges Janie’s gender roles by saying “Mah fust wife never bothered me 'bout choppin' no wood nohow. She'd to grab dat ax and sling chips lak uh man. You done been spoilt rotten”(Hurston 25). This quote highlights the contrast between Janie's character and the expectations of women during the Harlem Renaissance period. Logan wants a wife that would do the so-called “men's work” without complaint such as work in the field and the farm.
Jody often puts down Janie for being a woman. She felt like she was always looked down upon. “Somebody got to think for woman and chillun and chickens and cows. I god, they sho don’t think none theirselves.” (Page 71).
Hurston tells the story of Janie, a black woman who because of her grandmother experiences and beliefs was forced to marry into a loveless marriage with Logan Killicks, a hard-working farmer who had 60 acres of land and could provide for Janie. This marriage ended when Janie ran away with Joe Stark, a man that she fell in love with and thought could give her the love absent between her and Logan. But Janie soon realized that her second marriage wouldn’t turn out better than her first. Joe was just as controlling and degrading as Logan. He hardly expressed his love for Janie and spoke to her like an incompetent child.
Through the disbelief of societal values, Janie escapes the internalized hatred of those who believe in such rhetoric. After running away with Tea Cake, Janie meets several figures in the book, most notably Mrs. Turner, a self-hating black woman. During Janie's interactions with her, Hurston writes, “Through indiscriminate suffering, men know fear and fear is the most divine emotion... Half gods are worshiped in wine and flowers. Real gods require blood…
The main character Janie, throughout the novel has to make tough decisions. Janie first obstacle comes across her when her grandma Nanny decides that “ Yeah, Janie, youse got yo’ womanhoodon yuh. So Ah wants to see you married right away” ( Hurston 12).
During this time period, men were seen as a really powerful figure, they were expected to have full control over their wives and daughters only because they were females. Joe Starks didn’t fully have the mentality of giving orders to Janie at first, but he slowly began acquiring it as time went by. Once, Joe ‘’order[es] Janie to tie up her hair [whenever she is] around the store’’(Hurston 55). Her hair is being used to represent the power and confidence she had been born with, and Joe ordering for her to ‘’NOT show it in [public]’’ (Hurston 55) is a symbol that highlights how Joe doesn’t want her to show how powerful, independent, beautiful, and confident she can be.
(Hurston 55). Jody’s determination to keep Janie safe and protect her from other men causes Janie to be upset. Janie feels as if her only purpose “was there in the store for him to look at, not those others'' (55).
Janie experiences a loss of independence during her first marriage, and that loss is magnified with her marriage to Jody. Jody exhibits a controlling, narcissistic, and dominating personality which leaves Janie powerless and oppressed. “She was a rut in the road. Plenty of life left beneath the surface but it was kept beaten down by the wheels” (Hurston 76).
Having never fully formed it in years past, the silencing of her opinions and lack of a community to support her actively works against her search for identity. However, once Jody passes, Janie is free from the oppressive stereotypes that he had placed upon her and is free to express herself. This shift in mentality can be seen through her change in physical
Throughout her story she meets new people and resides in many places, thus shaping and changing who she is. In her novel, Hurston uses characterization to illustrate the theme of how one’s trust of what
Impacting the readers with the wisdom of her words, “Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh themselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh thyselves.” (Hurston pg 192) Janie has lived her life but most importantly she has lived it the way she wanted it for herself. The journey she has taken through all her marriages are moments that have taught both the character and audience the lessons of finding one's truest
Jody controlled major aspects of Janie’s life, such as her appearance, when he forces her to keep her hair up. Janie does not like that Jody feels the need to control her: “This business of the head-rag irked her endlessly. But Jody was set on it... that was because Joe never told Janie how jealous he was” (Hurston 55).
Zora Neale Hurston’s writing in Their Eyes Were Watching God, reflects the Harlem Renaissance through Janie 's individuality, and departs from the Harlem Renaissance with the common recurrence of black woman empowerment. In the novel, Hurston reflects the ideas of the Harlem renaissance with the ways in which Janie rebels and goes against norms for women.
Janie transforms into an independent woman who does not care about meeting the expectations of other people. As Janie walks down the street when she returns to Eatonville, some of the women of the town gossip about her. One woman asks, “What dat ole forty year ole ʼoman doin’ wid her hair swingin’ down her back lak some young gal?” (2). The Eatonville community is very confused as to why Janie has her hair down even though she is in her forties.
Janie’s perspective being an African American woman provides ample examples as to how Their Eyes Were Watching God is both a reflection of, and a departure from, the Harlem Renaissance. For example, “Thank yuh fuh yo’ compliments, but mah wife don’t know nothin’ ‘bout no speech-makin’, Ah never married her for nothin’ lak dat. She’s uh woman and her place is in de home” (Hurston 43). The oppression shown towards Janie is a direct departure from the Harlem Renaissance.
“Their Eyes Were Watching God” is a novel written by Zora Neale Hurston. The novel portrays Janie, a middle aged black woman who tells her friend Pheoby Watson what has happened to her husband Tea Cake and her adventure. The resulting telling of her story portrays most of the novel. Throughout the novel, Zora Neale Hurston presents the theme of love, or being in a relationship versus freedom and independence, that being in a relationship may hinder one’s freedom and independence. Janie loves to be outgoing and to be able to do what she wants, but throughout the book the relationships that she is in with Logan,Jody and Tea Cake, does not allow her to do that.