The Blacks suffered from severe devastating and agonizing experiences due to racial discrimination. In the light of Toni Morrison 's Beloved the research studies resistance literature giving special care to racial discrimination that is considered an inseparable part of the nature of White Americans. The novel deals with the concept of resistance by expounding and analyzing the themes of racism, slavery and resistance in addition to supernaturalism as an African-American technique. Racism which is an overriding theme in Morrison 's works mainly about loftiness and superciliousness. The first exposition of racism did not emerge on earth, but the act took place in the presence of God. In the Quran, most of the people learn that the Omniscient God commanded the angels to bow down to Adam. Satan refused to bow down to Adam. Being a racist ,Satan rationalized that since God created him from fire that he thought is of superior qualities to mud he should not bow down to a creature created from mud. This was clear in the holy Quran when the Lord said to the angels, "I am creating a human being from aged mud, like the potter 's clay. Once I perfect him, and blow into him from My spirit, you shall fall prostrate before him. The angels fell prostrate; all of them, except Iblis (Satan). He refused to be with the prostrators. [Quran 15:28-31]. Satan assured his sense of superiority saying "I am better then he; You created me from fire, and created him from mud. Accordingly,
He had abandoned me, and in the bitterness of my heart I cursed him” (119). The Creature is immensely influenced by “Paradise Lost” using many references to relate itself to its scenario. It finds itself more similar to Satan since both have diffilcuties coping with rejection from their Creators. However, the Creature shares more similarities to Adam since
Satanic References in Literature Depictions of the ultimate force of evil have existed for thousands of years. In Christianity, the name Satan or Lucifer has been given to define this evil, depicting him as a half human and half goat. Lucifer is fabled to exist since the beginning of time. Due to Lucifer being the representation of the most ancient evil, he is presented in many different forms in dark literature. This is shown in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”
African-American author Toni Morrison 's book, Beloved, describes a black culture born out of a dehumanising period of slavery just after the Civil War. Culture is a means of how a group collectively believe, act, and interact on a daily basis. Those who have studied her work refer to Morrison 's narrative tales as “literature…that addresses the sacred and as an allegorical representation of black experience” (Baker-Fletcher 1993: 2). Although African Americans had a difficult time establishing their own culture during the period of slavery when they were considered less than human, Morrison believes that black culture has been built on the horrors of the past and it is this history that has shaped contemporary black culture in a positive way. Through the use of linguistic devices, her representation of black women, imagery and symbolic features, and the theme of interracial relations, Morrison illustrates that black culture that is resilient, vibrant, independent, and determined.
Once Satan had manipulated Eve into eating the fruit, God “Sent him out of the gardens of/ Eden to tip the ground from which he was taken” (Genesis 3:23). Through the end of book one of Milton’s creations, Beelzbub one of Satan’s angels had a lurking suspicion that God can’t be overpowered (Book 1).
My knowledge of the Bible is limited to what was reiterated to me in church. Growing up, I was taught that Satan was once a good angel who rebelled against and disobeyed God because he was jealous and wanted to be more powerful than God. I never questioned this because I thought seeking answers and clarification would be going against God. For some Christians, Satan is the
Though the Creature’s allusion to Satan raises a few questionable eyebrows, we know Satan saw himself as God’s equal if not his superior. The text from Paradise Lost: Book One demonstrates how it was Satan’s “…pride [that] had
It is quite unlikely for one to contemplate murder, but even more unlikely for it to be the murder of one’s own child. While the event of murder is more common than expected, revenge may be the source of anger buildup that leads to the horrendous acts. What may seem yet even stranger to some is if the victim resurrects and seeks a greater revenge. If a wrong is done to someone, should they be allowed to get revenge to whatever lengths they see fit? That question is the heart of Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved.
Creative non-fiction has ever-growing popularity with a style that recounts a historical event through narrative. It captivates readers with a purpose to entertain the audience through prose as opposed to other forms of non-fiction. Sometimes creative non-fiction pieces enlighten readers about topics that they would otherwise avoid such as seen in numerous written works about slavery. Slavery is a controversial topic as it is associated with a darker part of American memory. However, some authors during their time wanted their audience to bear witness to the atrocity with tales based on true stories.
Toni Morrison’s 1987 novel Beloved is a multiply narrated story of having to come to terms with the past to be able to move forward. Set after the Civil War in 1870s, the novel centers on the experiences of the family of Baby Suggs, Sethe, Denver, and Paul D and on how they try to confront their past with the arrival of Beloved. Two narrative perspectives are main, that of the third-person omniscient and of the third person limited, and there is also a perspective of the first-person. The novel’s narrators shift constantly and most of the times without notifying at all, and these narratives of limited perspectives of different characters help us understand the interiority, the sufferings and memories, of several different characters better and in their diversity.
As Louis L. Martz dictates in his piece titled, “Paradise Lost: The Realms of Light,” Satan’s descent into Hell, following banishment from Heaven, catalyzes the entrance of light and dark imagery into the novel. Satan, now barred from the, “happy Realms of Light,” recognizes his separation from his former alliance with the divine essence (qtd in Martz 72.) In his brief period of grief, Satan finds himself struggling towards the light that radiates from Heaven, signaling the presence of innate light still within the fallen being. However, this light soon becomes squandered when Satan finds it, “better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven,” (1.263) In his decision, the prevalence of darkness within Hell increases and eventually seeps into the secular realms created by God.
Morrison presents African Americans as conforming to the principles of society and utilizes Helene’s behavior towards Nel to exemplify it. Helene constantly reminds Nel to “pull her nose” so she could “grow up” with a “[nicer] nose” (55) and uses a “hot comb” (55) each week to have “smooth hair” (55). The act of altering Nel’s appearance displays Helene’s belief of Nel’s physicality to not be up to par with society’s standards, therefore discriminating against her African American heritage. The characteristics that Helene chooses to change make Nel unique to her African American heritage; therefore, by altering Nel’s image to that more of the white race, Morrison exemplifies the way discrimination influences African Americans to assimilate into the racist American society. Illustrated by the self-degradation of African Americans, Morrison displays the submissiveness and stupidity of racism.
Morrison challenges Western standards of beauty and demonstrates that the idea of beauty is socially constructed. Toni Morrison shows how when one race is used as the standard of beauty, the value of the other races is diminished. The standard
The characters in Beloved, especially Sethe and Paul D are both dehumanized during the slavery experiences by the inhumanity of the white people, their responses to the experience differ due to their different role. Sethe were trapped in the past because the ghost of the dead baby in the house was the representation of Sethe’s past life that she couldnot forget. She accepted the ghost as she accepted the past. But Sethe began to see the future after she confronted her through the appearance of her dead baby as a woman who came to her house. For Sethe, the future existed only after she could explain why she killed her own daughter.
Morrison 's masterpiece Beloved, is dedicated and refers to the number of blacks who were killed as captives in Africa or on slave ships and, therefore, never made it into slavery. Through non-western eyes, Morrison allows the reader to re-vision and understand African-American history by re-telling history through the lives of former African slaves, because the “violence within the African American community can only be understood in a context in which ... the white power continue[s] to violate African American lives.” ( Kader Aki, 1) The novel re-conceptualizes American history and is concerned with historical transmission which continues into the present.
Recurrent racism, its social impacts, is a central theme of immigrant writing that creates many landscapes in contemporary literature. The immigrant writer takes an opportunity to attack and tackle racism and its consequence from different angles – religious, cultural and historical. The writer does not randomly preoccupy with and write about her/his intricate experience in the new land, but explicitly unfold his/her race/gender experience with its ups and downs. This type of writing has created a new understanding of theories such as racism/gender/ethnic/counter-narrative and post colonial studies among many others. This alternative genre is maneuvered by political, psychological, social and cultural processes of power that is influential to its construction.