“Interlanguage refers to the separateness of a second language learner’s system, a system that has a structurally intermediate status between the native and target language.” (Selinker, 1972) This system is neither the system of the native language nor that of the target language, but instead falls between the two. The Interlanguage Hypothesis presented new understandings of second language acquisition and learning, and it presented a substantial breakthrough from the restrictions of the contrastive analysis hypothesis which claimed that second language learning is a process of acquiring whatever items are different from the first language. The best way to approach Interlanguage is to study the speech and writing of learners. This is directly …show more content…
The Monitor Model was developed by Stephen Krashen. He claimed that adult second language learners have two ways of internalizing the target language. The first is acquisition, which is the “subconscious and intuitive process” of constructing the system of a language. The second is “conscious” learning, where the learner attends to form, figures out rules, and is aware of the learning process. The Monitor Hypothesis is an aspect of the second process. Krashen, furthermore, claimed that “fluency is second language performance is due to what we have acquired, not what we have learned.” Therefore, learners should try to acquire as much communicative fluency before falling into the rigid rules of learning, and before they become aware and too conscious of the learning process. Cohen and Robbins described Eva, a Monitor user, who made the following statement: “ Sometimes I would write something the way I speak it. I say a word in a careless way, but whenever I go over something and take my time, then the rules come to my mind.” This statement fits with the vocabulary of the Monitor Model. The Monitor user focuses on the form of his/her utterances, whereas ordinary casual speech is usually unmonitored. However, we must keep in mind that the world often demands accurate language, even from second language learners, in the domains where Monitor use is most possible – in the written language. The over-user of the Monitor may become so concerned with form that he/she is unable to speak with any fluency. On the other hand, psychologist McLaughlin (1978) pointed out that the distinction between consciousness and sub-consciousness, on which Krashen’s theory rests, is flawed. It is not possible until now to define accurately the constructs of consciousness and
First, the artifact “reaching Students’ Mother Tongues” allowed me to research, review, and put in practice the knowledge about language acquisition. I had opportunity to research and learn about three languages that represent the majority of the English language learners at my school. This assignment provided me with important linguistic background to be considered, such as being able to predict
When I walked into the journalism lab on the first day of school, I was clearly in a disarray, but, then again, so was The Raiders’ Digest. I was, after all, a dazed freshman. In retrospect, however, I realize that this probably was one of the most significant moments of my high school career - it was the day I found a passion, but, most importantly, it was the day I found a home. My school newspaper, on that day and for many days prior, had been in a state of deterioration, slowly regressing in terms of content, resources, and, primarily, interest.
When I was six my blood was 92% Hawaiian Punch, 7.5% Slim Jim proteins, and .5% trace amounts of assorted Pringles flavorings. Every summer I underwent a similar transformation when my mother dropped my sisters and me off at my grandparent’s San Francisco apartment while she worked as a waitress on Market Street. Caramelized corn and sugar coated treats cleansed my sisters and me of my mother’s oven-baked broccoli and kale catastrophes. Words such as saturated fat, 5% real fruit juice, and high fructose corn syrup will forever define my childhood. Fast forward a decade and, while I vaguely recall marathoning the Powerpuff Girls and smuggling truffles from a closet, I remember two facts of life my grandmother taught me as clearly as I remember my own name.
The students will develop pride in themselves and their heritage. Thus, the psychological and cognitive aspects involved in learning of two or more languages in an educational setting, the challenges of linguistic planning and the translation of information across languages is what we shall discuss elaborately in subsequent sections. I shall attempt to provide on the one hand an overview of L1 learning, and on the other hand some ways in which this relates to L2 learning in a
A foolish teenager daydream especially for me is to become independent, which requires numerous stepladders and most importantly bravery. Primarily, it includes a stage of getting a license in which I consider it so essential. From the time I realized that American teenagers were capable of getting a license once they turned sixteen, I was constantly counting down my special day. Wistfully, I did not receive my license until I was eighteen due to my demanding schedule from school and sports. Since then, I have been driving everyday in the summer as well as in the winter.
When I was a child about 12 years old, I did not recognize that obesity was such a serious problem to me because it did not affect my life too much, and I never thought about losing weight before. However, with eating much more food and did not do any exercises, I was more and more fat. Until I was 100 pounds overweight in 18 years old, my parents probably sensed that I had have to lose weight because obesity would cause many diseases which harmed health. Therefore, my parents enforced me to lose weight. (to live better or..)
It’s the last week of summer before senior year. Technically, you know that it’s a week like any other. Seven days, one hundred and sixty-eight hours, 10080 minutes, and a shit ton of seconds. But if it really was like any other week, there’d be no point in lying awake in bed at 3 AM.
Korean is my mother tongue. I find not a lot of Korean nurses or nurse practitioners at hospitals in Bay Area. For example, there are no Korean physicians or NP around my area, so my parents used to drive 25 minutes to see a Korean doctor. The doctor, however, is now moved to another state. My parents have to have an interpreter when they see their current nurse practitioner.
Normally I’m not one to talk of my issues. I felt that they came from a place of weakness, and I never wanted to be perceived as weak. Instead, I’ve always been known as the kind of person who could crack a joke, make others smile, and always be there to help an individual in need. Couple these aforementioned positive things with my grades, and people assumed that my life was in pristine condition. However, no one knew of the problems I dealt with personally.
Since elementary school, there has been one fact which has been true and has made me feel different from my peers. While in elementary school, two big changes took place in my life. One change was that my family would be moving to a new, bigger house, which was good news at the time. The fact of the matter, however, was not so happy. The positive mood changed once I learned that my dad would be working in Iraq.
1. 1b. Genetically, both of my parents are quiet people. Especially my mother, she does not like to talk too much, and can sit on the same place to watch TV or read a book for the whole day. She passed on me her quiet gene, so that I could be quiet like her.
Performing on stage in front of a live audience was a dream that I thought I would never realize. However, after spending years at the home of my neighbor Ms. Ellen, it became obvious that such a dream was well within my reach. When I was in third grade, I noticed that many of the older children in my neighborhood often visited the home of Ms. Ellen, a retired teacher. My mother was not comfortable with me spending a large amount of time in the company of older children; however, Ms. Ellen convinced her that my engagement with the children who visited her home would be fine, and she promised to watch over me. As a shy child Ms. Ellen brought out the best in me, encouraging me to pursue my dreams.
This past year has felt like I was on an actual roller coaster. The year has been filled with joyous, and fun moments, but as well as anxious time. The beginning of October of 2014 was when it all began. When I actually consider the boy I was talking to, and as well seeing constantly, an actual relationship. For some reason I was never into labels, especially ones that made me feel uncomfortable, so I always tried to stay away from it as much as I can.
I was new to Mountain View Elementary and I only had one friend. I wanted more friends of course. As a Hispanic American child living in Utah you notice your skin, the way you talk, and the way look is different. I never knew being different would make me upset.
Courage is the ability to do something that may frighten you or be difficult to do even when there's risk. Having courage is being brave and being brave isn't the absence of fear, being brave is having that fear but finding another way through it. Here’s a true story that happened to me. Back in 2014 I walked home with my little sister(Jessica) from school. Both of my parents were not home and were currently at work.