Theoretical Theory Of TOEFL
THEORITICAL BASES
A Brief Understanding on Paper-Based TOEFL
There are many kinds of English Proficiency test commonly used to measure the level of English skills, namely TOEFL, IELTS, TOEIC, etc. in Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, paper-based TOEFL is used for the economic and technical reason; paper-based TOEFL is cheaper than the other English proficiency test mentioned above, and that is the only English proficiency test available in Gorontalo, provided by language center, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.
TOEFL is a brand of English proficiency test that originally established by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) as a way to prove English proficiency to be used for academic purposes. TOEFL stands for Test Of English as a Foreign Language.
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In case of test Washback in Gorontalo, the first definition suits better since the English proficiency test is an unfamiliar thing. Despite English department students, only those who concern in the academic field or pursuing school abroad are familiar with English proficiency test, and take it seriously by taking preparation class or updating their scores. Thus, it can be assumed that washback in Gorontalo most likely occurs in terms of teaching and learning in the classroom in university context.
Hence, Washback in this study is the effect caused by the English proficiency test as a graduation requirement in English Department, UNG, on:
1. Teaching process regarding the English skills involved in the test (Listening, Structure and Written expression, and Reading).The teaching process itself including curriculum, materials, teaching method, and feeling and attitudes of teachers.
2. Learning - the learning
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10) suggest that washback study on teaching materials focuses on material production, the use of materials, students and teachers’ view of the exam material, and the content of the materials. Another thought comes from Andrew (2004, cited in Maniruzzaman and Hoque 2010, p. 63) suggested that a test-related material resulted from: 1) Teacher’s need resulting from familiarity/unfamiliarity of the test, 2) test format and content, and 3) the purpose of test use. Based on this, Washback on teaching material can be seen based on following
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