Theories And Principles Of Dale's Cone Experience

This study is anchored on the following theories and principles. These are the Dale’s Cone of Experience, Thorndike’s Law of Exercise, Gardner’s multiple intelligence’s theory, experiential learning and theory of psychomotor development.

Fig. 1. Framework of the Study

Dale’s Cone Experience Dale’s Cone of experience is a model that incorporates several theories related to instructional design and learning process. Dale (1960) theorized that learners retain more information by what they “do” as opposed to what is “heard”, “read” or “observed”. Today, this “learning by doing” has become known as “experiential learning or “action

Figure 2: Dale’s Cone of Experience learning”. The cone was originally develop in 1946 and was intended as a way to describe various learning experiences. Adamson affirms by saying that the whole business is between the individual and his worlds, and the teacher is outside it. Adamson also reiterated that children must be left free to express themselves; they must discover knowledge for themselves because for him the only true education is self-education. Galileo said that you cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself.

Law of Exercise This is the second law of learning which means that drill or practice helps in increasing efficiency and durability of learning. According to Thorndike’s S-R Bond Theory, the connections are strengthened with trail or practice and the connections are weakened when