Theories of Globalization

The Neoclassical theory states that the major cause of migration is different pay and access to jobs even though it looks at other factors contributing to the departure, the essential position is taken by individual higher wages benefit element. The Neoclassical theory involves the macroeconomic and microeconomic aspect. Macro focusing on structural factors and microeconomic focusing on an individual choice to migrate (Weiss, 2003). The macro theory is perhaps the most well-known approach explaining the causes of migration, it came from the theoretical model explaining internal labor migration in light of economic development (Corry 1996, Harris and Todaro 1970). According to the theory assumptions: 1.

The second critique he offers is that the industrialization of Europe cannot be seen as a follow-up of the British model. He calls this claim so oversimplified as to be seriously misleading (Cameron, 1985). Instead Cameron argues that the industrial revolution is a differentiated process. In order to back up this claim he states that this is not only the case between countries in Europe, but also within countries. As an example Cameron uses Germany in which certain states, or provinces, are located in a way that the process of industrialization was different from their neighbouring provinces, due to the availability of natural resources.

We now know that that assumption is far from the truth. What we were witnessing was fragmented globality. It was an increased but selective form of capital, which also intensified the differences between labor markets across national borders and the uneven integration of global consumer markets. Frederick Cooper argued globalization was more of a discourse than a applicable reality; it may cause change over time but it lacks a perspective of history needed to differentiate between its mechanisms and limits of spatial

When money was first introduced, it was used as an object to facilitate trade amongst individuals. Capital depends on money because the capitalist’s number one desire is to accumulate the most money he or she can. Marx describes a difference between money being described as money and money being described as capitol. Marx states The first distinction between money being described as money and money being descried as capitol is nothing more than a difference in their form of circulation. The direct form of circulation of commodities is C-M-C, the transformation of commodities into money and the re-conversion of money into commodities, selling in order to buy but alongside this form, which is quite distinct from the first: M-C-M, the transformation of money into other commodities, and the reconversion of commodities into money, buying in order to sell.

Taking a look at the evolution of society as a whole, structures from previous social organizations vary drastically from the civilization individuals reside in today; now known as a 'market society.' It has shifted towards a society where members of the community are now solely concerned about economic relations, rather than interpersonal relations. This is what Karl Polanyi refers to the emergence of market society as "the great transformation." The shift towards a market society is characterized by the emergence of a self-regulation society, allowing the birth of fictitious commodities, as well as placing great emphasis towards individualism. It focuses on the significant changes that have taken place since the transformation, which are further discussed through the notion of "protestant work ethic" and the

“Neoliberalism is considered to be the dominant ideology that is shaping our world day.”(Thorsen and Lie, 2009, p. 1). There is however, no one true definition to neoliberalism as it is very diverse in terms of covering a lot of aspects of economic, cultural, and social terrains. This era came about with the introduction of Structural Adjustment policies stemming from the Bretton Woods System, Washington Consensus, World Bank, and the IMF (http://globalsocialtheory.org/topics/neoliberalism). There was also an increase in the number of capitalist theories claiming to be the “better” way for society to become developed. These theories also promote austerity, privatization, deregulation, and a purported ‘opening up’ of markets and borders which

In fact it can either be very good or very bad depending on its effects and influence on the society. He also states that the European thinkers’ idea of societies when they become more modern they then become more like each other is wrong. According to him there are many different modernities and modernity is not universal because of the cultural difference between different societies. For him this is one of the errors of enlightenment thought about modernity (Gray, Page #2). In addition, according to Gray modernity is definitely not spontaneously embracing enlightenment thoughts or the enlightenment project.

Left unrestrained, freedom of contract and laissez-faire lead to the emergence of monopolistic compacts and reduce free competition, the precondition for any self-regulating market. Core tenets of economic liberalism, such as competition and free trade, are not compatible with laissez-faire and require regulation in order to be sustained. Polanyi’s double movement suggests that the needs of a self-regulating market are incompatible with the demands of laissez-faire and that economic liberals turned against laissez-faire and preferred regulation. More important, it demonstrates the inevitability of the ‘collectivist’ methods of regulation in a self-regulating market. Perhaps, after all, a market economy and interventionism are not mutually exclusive.

Two events that were caused by imperialism was World War One and the invasion of Africa. Overall, imperialism causes a copious number of issues in society that took place in the past and still take place in today 's world. To start with, a few major causes of imperialism are economics, exploration, ethnocentrism, politics, and religion. Economics prompted imperialism due to countries pursuing benefits to improve their economies. Economic benefits mean having control of markets, raw material, and natural resources.

The British Industrial revolution (ca. 1780) was the result of an economic expansion which took place at the beginning of the sixteenth century and was achievable thanks to many distinct factors, such as Britain’s geographical position and culture. But were institutions an additional important element that affected the start and outcome of the British Industrial Revolution? Were all of these elements correlated? The role of institutions is a subject that continues to stir much debate; considering for example Acemoglu’s point of view in “Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth” and Allen’s view in “Why industrial revolution was British” we notice how different opinions can be on what actually initiated the Industrial Revolution.