Theories Of Modernization And Dependency
After the World War II, a number of development theories have emerged. This essay, however, will examine the emersion of two development theories–modernization and dependency. First, it will explore their meanings. Then, it will explain the factors underpinning the development of the two theories, as well as their applications among governments in least develop countries by highlighting the values and factors the shape the theories. Finally, it will provide some criticism toward modernization and dependency theories.
Modernization is defined as a process of shifting from traditional pattern of life to become modern nations, especially in terms of their industrial and political systems (Preston, 1996), and their reforms of economy, culture and society (Rapley 2002). According to Rostow (1971), modernization is also understood as westernization, a linear development process which consists of five stages of growth, including moving from traditional society to preconditions for take-off, take-off, the road to maturity, and the age of mass consumption (as cited in Mckay, 2016). It seems that this theory stemmed from main factors that are underlined in these two ideologies particularly capitalism and communism. The argument and political conflict occurred in the period of 1950 - 1960s between the two giants of USA and USSR which are very well known as notion of bipolarity (McKay, 2016). The USA values capitalism system or free world while the USSR prizes communism or socialism of
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