Theories Of Social Control Theory

Several law enforcement agencies have gone through expensive litigation over civil rights concerns. Police-citizen relations in those communities have been strained, making policing more challenging. Most importantly, racial profiling is unlikely to be an effective policing strategy as criminals can simply shift their activities outside the profile (e.g., if racial profiling begins with police stopping black males in their teens and twenties for being drug carriers, criminals may start using other demographic groups — such as Hispanics, children or the elderly — to move drugs). Despite training to avoid discrimination, officers may still rely on cultural stereotypes and act on their perceptions of a person 's characteristics (such as age, race or gender)” (National Institute of Justice, 2013). Either way, there must be adequate training to prevent certain actions from occurring by the police.

They wouldn’t do anything to get deported, not after they’ve dreamt of coming to America for a while. According to the article “Ten Myths About Immigration” on the website Tolerance.org, “Statistics show that immigrants are less likely to commit serious crimes or be behind bars than native-born people are, and high rates of immigration are associated with lower rates of violent crime and property crime.” With the evidence provided, most wouldn’t risk doing a serious or minor crime just to end back inside the runaway country. In fact, they have the same effects on America as native-born people do, economically the most. The same article also states, “Immigrants who are undocumented pay taxes every time they buy taxable goods such as gas, clothes or new appliances (depending on where they reside).” The money that they earned or got from a family member is given back to the economy as soon as they buy the necessities they need for their new life. If they’re starting over, they’re going to want to keep a clean slate in fear of going back to their original

Racial profiling is a very important issue that individuals in society face every day. This problem occurs in low income or poverty-stricken areas throughout cities and communities across the nation. Hundreds of anecdotal testimonials allege that law enforcement officials at all levels of government are infringing upon the constitutional rights and civil liberties of racial and ethnic minorities through a practice called “racial profiling” (Ward, 2002). So what is racial profiling? According to the National Institute of Justice, racial profiling by law enforcement is commonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, ethnicity, religion or national origin (National Institute of Justice, 2013).

Rhetorical Analysis of John Kavanaugh “Amnesty Let us Be Vigilant and Charitable” In contemporary times, illegal immigration has been one of the most controversial issues talked about in news outlets. Since the late 1800’s, it has influenced our political, social, and economic beliefs and laws. Our country’s biggest challenge regarding illegal immigration is there are approximately “12 to 14 million undocumented aliens” (Kavanaugh 1) living in the United States, but the government has not decided whether we should deport or give amnesty to these individuals. For a variety of reasons, some people believe that we should send them back to their native country, and then come back legally to go through the process of becoming a naturalized citizen.

For decades, immigration has been a problem for the United States. Due to the people traveling from their native lands to the United States seeking a better life for themselves, and more primarily for the family that has come with them. Immigration is the action of settling into a country of which one is not native. Despite the many legal immigrants not every immigrant enters the country with legal documents and most of these illegal immigrants are poor and uneducated. Some undocumented immigrants commit crimes such as drug smuggling, or terrorism.

Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc. ), commitment (to school, learning, etc. ), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.

Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc. ), commitment (to school, learning, etc. ), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.

8.Criminological theories 8.1.Social Control Theory In 1969 Hirschi developed a theory which could possibly explain why individuals who abide by the rules and values of society as well as maintain a connection with aspects such as family and school are less likely to engage in deviant activities (Walklate, 2011:85). According to Walklate (2011:85) the theory of social control includes four elements which could either strengthen or weaken social relationships which could lead to the causation or prevention deviant behaviour. Hirschi (2011:16-26) states that these elements include attachment, commitment, involvement as well as belief. Attachment refers to the interpersonal relationships as well as cultural and social norms of an individual.

What is crime? According to Black’s Law Dictionary: “A crime is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public law, either forbidding or commanding it; a breach or violation of some public right or duty due to a whole community, considered as a community.” Crime can be classified as one of the main problems facing our country today. In Chile, there has been an increase in crime over the years. For the Metropolitan Region, “there was an increase of 1.9%, corresponding to 2,346 cases, comparing the periods 2014 - 2015. Violent crimes increased by 1.7%, while crimes against property increased by 1.9%.” In addition, according to Paz Ciudadana studies, from 2010 onwards, the perception of crime in Chile’s communities grew 55.1%.

This gives sociologist a new perspective on assimilation. The level of immigrant replenishment also affects the way that we visually see how minority assimilation is examined. For example with the constant influx of Mexicans it is seen that they do not assimilate as quickly as other minorities. It was interesting to thing that immigrant replenishment was affecting assimilation of Mexicans as much as it is and to see that minorities are not coming to former immigrant gateways as frequently. I live in Escondido where it seems to me that there is a large population of Latinos, possibly Mexicans, and it is more likely that there isn’t as many new immigrants because they are probably going to another city with more labor