Theories Of Virtue Theory

America’s society, one of the freest in the world, teaches its people the importance of thinking for themselves and encourages its people to make discoveries. This is why America has such a high standard of living. While free societies progress through time, Equality 7-2521 lived in a regressive society due to strict rules and stifling freedom of thought. In Rand’s short essay, How Does One Lead a Rational Life in an Irrational Society?, she teaches, “There is no escape from the fact that men have to make choices; so long as men have to make choices, there is no escape from moral values.” Equality had to make the choice of following the rules or breaking the rules for something that he believed to be greater. He saw the endless possibilities of science at his disposal, and knew that it would be wrong to ignore the opportunity to

People have been raised from different cultures and value everything differently. The main perceptions of subjective relativism seems to follow this line of reasoning. We all live under constitutional government protected by a firm Bill of Rights and Wrongs. Everyone should have their own freedom to speak out their ethical points of views.The positive contributions of ethical relativism is based on people with similar thought of moral values. I think moral nihilism should be related based on moral relativism as there are no moral truth in the world and by living in peace we need to respect one another’s decisions and cultures and decide on morality based on what the majority think is the correct thing to

I believe Aristotle has the stronger argument in terms of defining justice is. It is important to consider whether a law is just or unjust as opposed to Plato 's argument that we should follow all laws regardless; if we were choose to solely follow all laws and the consequence of that law caused harm to another human being we would unintentionally be harming others, which would make it harder for us to be virtuous. I also believe everyone should be held responsible for their own actions, in addition to using Aristotle 's definition of voluntary action, we choose to follow laws which leads to the world being a more desirable place to live. As we have seen with previous laws, such as slavery, if we fail to question the validity and consequence of the law, but voluntarily follow it blindly it can result in issues for years to come; similar to slavery, despite it being illegal today, prior legality negatively affects minorities in our society. If we fail to question unjust laws and believe everything we are told by the government, we are failing to think for ourselves.

The idea behind Kantian Ethics is that doing the right thing is not about the consequences of our actions but rather the principle motivating the action. Actions must be performed out of duty, that is, it is done solely because we have an obligation to perform such action out of respect for the moral law. As explained by Immanuel Kant, “the moral worth of an action done out of duty has its moral worth” (105). Kant argues that to act morally, then, is to “act only on the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” (108). Utilitarianism, developed by John Stuart Mill, is one of the most commonly used approaches in making moral decisions.

A philosopher Stuart Rachels suggests that, “ morality is the set of rules governing behavior that rational people accept, on the condition that others accept them too”. For me this have a meaning that if we follow those guidelines we are being morally good, we can live morally by our own choice and if not probably we will have consequences and not just because a divine superior requires us live in morality. Even though I am a strong believer in God not all people is, therefore the social contract will apply for all

Responsibility is defined as “something that you should do because it is morally right, [and] legally required” (www.merriam-webster.com). In “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck, the theme of social responsibility is frequently used throughout the novel. Various characters in the book are conflicted with whether they should be socially responsible for the greater good of society. On the issue of social responsibility, Johnson C. Montgomery, author of “The Island Of Plenty,” states that: “As compassionate human beings we grieve for the condition of mankind, but our grief must not interfere with our perception of reality and our planning for a better future for those who will come after us……but the truth is often very simple and reality is inhumane”.

Objectivism in Ayn Rand’s Anthem Ayn Rand established her philosophy of objectivism in order to eliminate the traditions she experienced while she was growing up under collective governments, and to emphasize the importance of the individual over the collective group. It can be defined as a philosophy for living stating that man himself is the greatest power, and man must decide what is best for himself based on reason. The four basic tenets of objectivism are reality exists as an objective absolute, reason is man’s only method of interpreting his surroundings, man must exist as an individual in order to pursue his own interests, with the ultimate goal being happiness, and the economy of an objectivist society should be laissez-faire capitalism,

He was trying to show that Antigone’s (thesis) and Creon’s (antithesis) principles were partially true, so that he could prove that their sufferings were necessary in order to establish harmony (synthesis), and for his dialectical thinking to triumph. Every period and culture gives the individual the right to act morally. Antigone, as self-consciousness, was formed within the Hellenistic culture, and expressed the Absolute Spirit, i.e. true freedom and universal humanity. According to Hegel, an individual can be free/self-conscious only in a community that is free/self-conscious because the "Spirit occurs as the result of the mediated experience of the community" (Fiala, 2002: 156).

Rather, it is what we should pursue and as such provides us with a standard that can normatively evaluate the good of human life. The human good is activity of the soul in accordance with [rational] virtue, and if there

Individualism is the political and social philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. It is the idea that the individual’s life belongs to him and that he has an inalienable right to live it as he sees fit, to act on his own judgment, to keep and use the product of his effort, and to pursue the values of his choosing. It’s the idea that the individual is sovereign, an end in himself, and the fundamental unit of moral concernIndividualism in a novel refers to characters’ unique qualities as well as the way in which they express themselves. It is also called non-conformity, which implies standing out from the rest. Societal expectations in a novel refers to standards of behavior set and accepted to be “normal” by the society