Financial cost of white collar crime is several times as great as financial cost of all the crime is because crime would be committed by a person that has high status in his occupation. By having a high status in the occupation give him the right and authority to access to huge amount of funds and made most of the decision in the organisation, decision that was made by him will severely impact on the company reputation, business and financial. One of the good example was the `ponzi’ scheme which defrauded 40,000 investors of over $15 million. (Ivancevich et al ,2003)
Dynamic of White Collar Crime mean that the person having a high status in his occupation started using his position to commit fraud, it will cause a huge financial cost for
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The Fraud triangle will explain why crime was committed.
1) PRESSURE- Pressure come from a significant financial need or problem. Pressure could also be caused by family situation, medical bill, addiction problem or expensive taste. For example, the employee is addicted to gamble which cause him to be in debt, Pressure from it make him start to thought of committing fraud in the company to pay off his debt. Hence pressure make a person to do thing that is wrong to solve their problem.
2) OPPORTUNITY- Opportunity created the ability to commit fraud. Opportunity usually created by weak internal control environment, lack of manpower, poor management oversight and misuse of position. One of the good example would be Former spring employees convicted of fraud. (Vanessa paige, C., 2017).
3) RATIONALIZATION- Person believe that it is justified to commit the fraud. It could be due to job dissatisfaction, poor working environment. The person usually does not think about the consequence of their action. For example employee was treated badly by the manager, OT hours wasn’t paid to him which let him believe company owed him so he decided to get back what he deserve by committing
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(Peter, S., 1995). Ethic value got to be morality, legality, integrity, honesty to make an unbiased and good decision making. Ethic theories that is morality and legality would be Deontology. Deontologists think that they should follow their duties in decision making when ethic are involved, there will be consistent decisions as they based on the individual’s set duties. Deontologists will always follow the law. For example, management can make decision by using cookie jar reserve to increase company revenue for greater outcome in company share value but deontology theories let them feel that it is their duty to make decision that is morality and won’t break the law so they decided not to do it by reporting the actual revenue on the financial statement. Hence Ethic theories like Deontology will make good decision making in preventing financial crime as it is morality and
Companies don’t care if they get justice but they care that they get there money back. They also don’t want a big public scandal to brake out about a well known and trusted employee of the company. It is much simpler and cheaper to just quietly dismiss them and hope they get the money back. 5b. What are the consequences of not prosecuting?
In 1985 Robert Agnew a sociologist come to an interest of studying the theory and finds a potential for the theory in explaining several causes of crime in society, but due to its limitation he developed and reformulated the theory to widen its dimension or scope. After revising the theory he come up into General strain theory of crime and builds its foundation in 1992. General strain theory argues that frustrations and anger leads someone to deviance and may result into committing a crime (Agnew, 1992). GST defines strains as negative life events and conditions which are commonly disliked by the people who experience it or negative experiences of a person in a given group (Agnew, 1992; 2001; 2006). Strain is often classified in two distinct types, the Objective Strain and the Subjective Strain.
There are different types of “white collar crime” that exists inclusive of fraud, embezzlement, insider trading and Ponzi schemes. “White collar crime” affects everyone and the main driving force of the perpetrator of the white collar crime is mainly greed plain and simple. There are different theories associated with “white collar crime”. One of these such theories is the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory indicates that persons have a choice of whether to commit an offence or not.
Our world is a very unique and everyday changing environment which brings many different experiences upon us. As we grow older by the day we learn and adapt to different environments. With population on the rise across our plant, people are starting to get more and more comfortable with fast incomes and negative ways to get around barriers that life has to offer us. Organized crime has been around for as long as human kind has existed, from Ancient Greece to today’s 21st century. Organized crime is always increasing as market demands go up, and the competition for wealth skyrockets.
The strain theory implies that crime may occur because of the stress or frustration placed on people when
The fraud triangle is made up by three distinguished elements. These elements in the fraud triangle consist of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. The overall representation of the fraud triangle can be seen as the specific model to spot any type of high-risk unethical and fraudulent performances being conducted by a company, in this case Cendant Corporation. Cedant Corporations actions can be analyzed by the fraud triangle by the way that their senior management/top management decisions fell into the three categories of pressure, rationalization, and opportunity. Cendant Corporation had the pressure to comply with their shareholders and to maintain a stable financial status to prove that they were a profitable organization with a bright company image.
Wells Fargo’s “Gutless Leadership” Wells Fargo is one of the largest banks in the United States, with “…more than 8,600 locations [and] 13,000 ATMs” (Wells Fargo Today). Millions of Americans trust them with their finances. However, after a federal investigation, Wells Fargo has admitted to opening up to two million accounts without customers’ permission. While this had financial implications for many customers, this scandal most heavily affected Wells Fargo’s low-level employees.
To begin with, this theory relies on moral absolutes which can be defined as actions that are entirely right or entirely wrong. Deontologists cannot consider the consequences of their actions, even if the consequences of a particular action bring about more harm than the act itself. Deontology theory says that certain types of actions are either absolutely right or wrong, but provides no way in which to distinguish which action may be right or wrong and thus duties and principles can conflict (Preston, 2007). For instance,
The stressors increase the negative emotions, which in turn create pressure for the purpose of a corrective action. The corrective actions mostly come in form of criminal activities that are applied in order to alleviate from the strain or to revenge the source of the stress. For instance, individuals that have been associated with chronic lack of employment mostly engage in crimes such as drug dealing or theft in order to obtain money that can be used to make them feel
White-collar crime is more serious than street crime because the punishment is more severe, crime is easier to detect or track, and it is more harmful. Street crime is robbery, selling drugs, and stealing cars; White-collar is identity theft, forgery, and embezzlement. Anyone can become the victims of street criminals. Most of the time these crimes happen because people are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. People see street crime more than white-collar crime because it happens in public and makes the news.
5) The fraudsters may be thinking that something is belonging to them because not satisfied with salaries, job environment, and treatment by managers. 6) The fraudsters are cannot able to understand or does not care about the result of their activities or of accepted concepts of decency and trust. Fraud happens need three elements occurs at the same time.
Why do people commit crimes? What goes through their minds before they actually commit a crime? These are questions asked from society to criminologist every time one decides they want to commit a crime. Criminologists has given us different crime causations, theories, to explain the answer to these questions. A theory is a speculation about how phenomena, behavior, or process are caused and what takes place after the cause is determined (Anderson, 2015).
White-collar crime is a financially motivated nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals. The term “white-collar crime” was first used by criminologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 for the various nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial areas for financial gain. White-collar crimes are classified as fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. Even though these crimes are committed without the use of weapons or threats of physical violence, it does not mean that they don’t create victims as they might destroy a person life or a company’s life cycle.
You can say, that the right thing to do or wrong thing to do is the most important part. It’s based on rules, and we follow those rules. Stealing a loaf of bread is bad, even if you are doing it for your family, you are breaking the law, there are other ways to make money and receive goods. Deontology mainly always focuses on the morality of the person, and the actions that are taken forth, rather than the consequences that will be taken after, even if they are better than the action that is
The theory of deontology states we are morally obligated to act in accordance with obvious set of principles and rules regardless of results. Deontological ethics focuses on duties, and rights. The term deontological was coined by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, who described it as “knowledge of what is right or proper” Bentham thought that deontology points in the direction of principle of utility. But contemporary philosophers use the term deontological to indicate a contrast with the utilitarian focus on the consequences of action. Instead of focusing on consequences, deontological ethics focus on duties and obligation: things we ought to do regardless of the consequences.