Analysis Of The Politeness Theory

1. Politeness Theory

Politeness phenomenon over decades calls for explanation, raise sociological speculations, and touch many other interests and many other fields. So, politeness theory has emerged as being one of the central interests in sociolinguistics, social psychology, conversation analysis and anthropology generating an enormous body of research (Brown and Levinson, 1987: 01- 02). In the view of that politeness theory combines speech act theory and Grice’s theory of implicatures with Gofman’s notion of face. It is defined as “the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself during a particular contact (Ogiermann, 2009: 11).

Whereas, Leech (2005: 01-07) named this theory as Grand Strategy of Politeness (GSP), which

So, Searle said that “speech acts are sometimes called language acts or linguistic acts” (Searle, 1965: 115). from Jassim and Nimehchisalem (2016 : 117-125) point of views, Austin changed the speech from merely linguistic features (i.e. statements, assertions and propositions) to functional aspects i.e. speech utterances not only imply the meaning but also perform an action. In the view of that, Austin (1962: 08) said that, “It is always necessary that the circumstances in which the words are uttered should be in some way or ways appropriate and it is very commonly necessary that either the speaker himself or other persons should perform certain other actions whether physical or mental actions or even acts of uttering words”. Here Austin made a distinction between various types of speech acts, such as asking, commanding, stating, and promising and so on. Additionally, he proposed three types of acts within each speech act; locutionary (the act of saying something), illocutionary act (an act performed in saying something), and perlocutionary (an effect placed on the hearer/addressee’s by saying something (ibid, 1962:

Further, as reaction to Austin’s classification of illocutionary acts Searle made another classification divided speech act into five categories as follow (Searle, 1979: 15 - 17) Assertives: commit the speaker to something’s being the case to the truth of expressed proposition, it is either true or false as