Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drugs at timed intervals in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration in a patient's bloodstream, thereby optimizing individual dosage regimens. It is not necessary to use therapeutic drug monitoring for all the of medications, and it is used mainly for monitoring drugs with some narrow therapeutic ranges, drugs with marked variability in pharmacokinetic, medications with target concentrations which are difficult to monitor, and drugs that are known to cause therapeutic and adverse effects. The process of therapeutic drug monitoring is based on the assumption that there is a specific relationship between dose and plasma or blood drug concentration, and between concentration and therapeutic effects. Therapeutic drug …show more content…
When interpreting concentration measurements, factors that need to be considered include the sampling time in relation to drug dose, dosage history, patient response, and the desired medicinal targets. The goal of therapeutic drug monitoring is to use suitable concentrations of difficult-to-manage medications to optimize clinical outcomes in patients in various clinical situations. Keywords: Drug monitoring, therapeutic; Pharmacokinetics Introduction Therapeutic drug monitoring is generally defined as the measurement of specific drugs at timed intervals in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration of the medication in the bloodstream. Monitored drugs tend to have a narrow therapeutic index, that is a ratio between the toxic and therapeutic doses of medications. For some other
Healthcare professionals must talk to their patients about possible side-effects of drugs they are taking and make sure they understand what can happen. In doing so, patients may start to understand why something is happening to them and it is a normal side-effect, which can not only lead to trust from the patients to providers, but can lead to the passing of knowledge from one to another which may prevent future
The patient follows the doctor’s recommendation for completing blood work to ensure the medication is consistently within the therapeutic level. Therefore, the International Normalized Ratio (INR), prothrombin time
The coroner found toxicology to be the result of respiratory depression and the main cause of death of Mrs Herbert. Therefore it is evident from this result that standard 4, medication safety was breached by the health care workers involved within this case. The NSQHS medication safety criteria consists of a number of safety measures health care workers need to meet when handling medications including prescribing, supplying, administering, storing and monitoring patients post administration (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care 2012). In this event, the doctor and nurses did not meet this safety requirement when caring for Mrs Herbert. Dr Kurtzer decided to administer an intramuscular injection of 30mg of morphine due
8. What nursing actions are indicated to maximize therapeutic effects? Monitor vital signs every 15 min during test dose and every 30 min for 2–4 hr after administration. Monitor intake and output and weigh daily.
People who have been diagnosed with asthma need to take long-term control medication. These medications reduce airway inflammation and help prevent symptoms from occurring. An inhaled corticosteroid, is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents cells in the lungs from releasing the substances that trigger the asthma response. Medications in this class are Flovent, Pulmicort, Aerobid, Alvesco, Qvar, and Asthmanex.
I will be assigned to a new patient next week, and I will make sure that I will know everything about all the medications the patient takes. That will be done in order to know what I am going to be administering and how dangerous it will be if any of them are administered incorrectly. I will make sure all preventable complications will not occur. In order to do that, I need to know the function of the medication and what they are really for based on the patient’s diagnoses.
(PubMed Health, n.d.). What is your drug therapy monitoring
Doctors should be the ones to keep track of their patients to make sure they follow dosing directions; it is not only part of their job but also benefits them as well so that patients won't have to make more phone calls than usual. It is important for patients to be given the specific amount that they need to take in order to not have issues with opioids. According to NIDA. "Prescription Opioids DrugFacts. " National Institute on Drug Abuse, states, “Long-term use of prescription opioids, even as prescribed by a doctor, can cause some people to develop a tolerance, which means that they need higher and/or more frequent doses of the drug to get the desired effects.”
risk of re-offending. Individuals under this type of programs are sex offenders who have been incarcerated or convicted of a sexual crime and identified by sex offender treatment providers that treatment is required. The SOTP can be administered in the community and in a prison setting to manage sex offender and to prevent future sex offenses. The approach of treatment for individuals who are enrolled in SOTP are cognitive-behavioral and psycho-educational therapy. The cognitive-behavioral therapy targets thinking patterns and deviant sexual behaviors as they relate to sexual offending.
Assessment studies through observation determine the high intellective service of nurses combined with repeated interruptions, unavailability of needed supplies and multitasking behavior during bedside care activities in hospital settings. The workplace is susceptible to errors, particularly during complicated or risky activities, since interruptions, unavailability of supplies, and multi-tasking conducts generate an environment influencing storage of working cognition and awareness initiatives. Registered nurse cognitive ability and process during medication administration are multiplex and demand an in-depth critical thinking and attentiveness to safeguard patient safety. Medication management is the primary significant highly interjected nursing
When Simvastatin was studied in animals, it was found that it reached higher concentrations in liver than in non-targeted tissues. The availability of the drug is low since Simvastatin has a wide-spread first pass metabolism. 1.3 - 2.4 hours after administration is when the peak plasma concentration is achieved in the body. Even though Simvastatin is absorbed well in the gastrointestinal tract, it is greatly removed by the liver and the general circulation only gets about 7% of the dose. Simvastatin can easily cross the blood-brain-barrier.
What outcomes will be analyzed and how they will be analyzed? Although the veterans are asked their full name and last four of their social security, the scanning provides the added comfort of providing the security or safety for everyone involved. The outcome of this research will show data that will be analyzed pre and post implementation of the BMCA system, which the approach is to show a significant change in the medication error rate. The outcome will be based on pre and post implementation of the barcode medication system by measuring the medication error rate.
This should also be asked to the patient on every drug round as new drugs can be described at any time. The patients’ weight should be recorded on the kardex also as certain drugs are given according to weight such as Infliximab and their weight will determine the required
I chose Pharmacy Tech because my life involves around medication and my family. So as I was growing up, I always helped my family which are my number 1 priority. When I was in first grade at the age of six years old, I tend to get sick a lot of times. So when I did get sick my aunt will go buy me some OTC children’s ibuprofen for my fever’s ,