Thermo Gravimetric Analysis
TGA
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) is very much essential parameter because of an electrolyte membrane must have adequate thermal stability for DMFC application. The TGA curves of pure PVA, PVA/SPEEK blend and PVA/SEEK/MMT composite membranes are shown in Figs. 7 & 8 and their results are listed in Table 3. All the samples were analyzed in the temperature range of 25 ºC to 600 ºC. In the case pure PVA (P0) membrane, the first weight loss is (about 8%) appeared around 60-120 ºC. It is attributed by the vaporization weakly bounded (water) O-H molecules. The second weight loss is lies in the range of 240-360 ºC is due to the thermal degradation of acetic groups of PVA polymer. The existence of third weight loss is around 410-500 ºC occurs by
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11 & 12 respectively. It is well known fact that, the higher water uptake and lower methanol uptake is the need of good membrane candidate in DMFCs because, which can plays an important role in ionic conduction process as well as in fuel permeation. In addition to that, the membrane swelling can determine the mechanical strength of the membrane. As expected, all the prepared composite membranes are exhibited higher uptake values in water and the membrane of PSM2 showed lower uptake in 5M methanol solution. On the other hand, these membranes were resulted low swelling in thickness along with appreciable change in planner direction. It is clearly observed that, the enhancement on water uptake is due to the increasing amounts of additives of ionic SPEEK polymer and hydrophilic MMT nano clay filler. The existence of water molecules can facilitates ionic transfer and also improves the ionic conductivity of electrolyte membranes. Further, the proton conductivity of the membranes could depend on the presence of available acid groups and also due their dissociation capability in water, which can desire by means of ionic sites generation. Moreover, the membrane PSM2 identified as best canditate than the others. It is assure that the membrane PSM2 can results higher values in IEC and proton
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