Thermodynamics: The Rankine Cycle

The little amount of carbon dioxide is produced because of the mining and construction of the power plant, however the amount released is not comparable to that of other fossil fuel. Finally, with nuclear energy, people now need not depend solely on traditional fossil fuel to generate electricity. Since the nuclear power fuel can reach a temperature in the magnitude of thousands, it can be thermo-chemically broken down into Oxygen and Hydrogen which can be used to power up vehicles Most of the world supply of uranium is in Australia and Canada. With fuel recycling, the supply of Uranium is not a

Introduction Heat is the form of energy, thermal energy, which flows between two substances due to their difference in temperature.1 The measurement of heat flow is called Calorimetry and the apparatus used to measure the heat flow (temperature change) for a reacting system is called a calorimeter. The calorimeter is well-insulated device that help to minimize the heat exchange between the system being observed and its surroundings. In this experiment, simple calorimeter, coffer cup calorimeter containing Styrofoam cups is used. Calorimeter contains a thermometer and a stirrer.3 Thermometer is typically inserted in the calorimeter to measure the change in the temperature that results from the reaction. Stirrer is used to keep the contents

Burning begins with endothermic reactions that absorb energy and ends with exothermic reactions that release energy. The endothermic reactions are known as preignition, the exothermic reactions as combustion, and the point of transition as ignition. Preignition phase is an endothermic reaction. In this phase the fuel is brought to kindling temperature by the dehydration process, in which the water in the fuel is driven

• Stirrer: A metallic rod that is used to thoroughly disseminate heat into the surroundings which helps to mitigate the errors of the bomb calorimeter. • Thermometer: the thermometer is used to determine the temperature of the surroundings before and after the reaction of the sample initiated. Uses of Bomb Calorimeter Bomb Calorimeter is used during chemical reaction to show the heat of combustion. It confirmed whether or not the tested product is eligible to be used as well as to determine its quality. Bomb Calorimeter is also being used in various different fields such as: • Thermodynamics Study Thermodynamics studies how heat changes to and from other energy forms.

The kinetic energy of waste is used to heat the water for the steam turbine. Neutrons are used to divide the next many uranium atoms and the process continues. And the energy that

Second, seawater doesn’t need to be heated to a high temperature, which saves energy and reduces scale. The main components of the system are the primary evaporator, the secondary evaporator, the steam ejector and the condenser. The performance of the steam ejector directly affects the amount of fresh water produced by the single effect

Titanium undergoes an allotropic transformation from the low temperature α (HCP) phase to the high temperature β (BCC) phase at 882±2 °C. Figure 1.3 shows α to β phase transformation. The temperature at which β to α transformation occurs is called the β-transus and depends on the amount and type of alloying elements added. The alloying elements that are dissolved in titanium may stabilize α or β phase. Titanium and its alloys react with interstitial elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, below their respective melting points.

Chemical reactions transform bond energy into heat or work. Enthalpy of reaction (Hrxn) is the term used for the change in heat as a reaction is carried out at constant pressure. It is a state function as it only depends on the final and initial conditions during the change of state. If Hrxn < 0, the system releases heat and is therefore an exothermic reaction. On the other hand, if Hrxn > 0, the system absorbs heat.

An irreversible, spontaneous and homogeneous reaction was researched at an ambient temperature of 22.7°C. The specific reaction is given in Equation 1. CH_3 COOCH_2 CH_3+ NaOH →CH_3 COONa+CH_3 CH_2 OH (1) It is necessary to determine the reaction kinetics for the reaction in Equation 1. Reaction kinetics is an unavoidable stepping stone needed for reactor design and optimising these reactors to their full potential. It is a measurement of how quickly a reaction occurs.

Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is a strong force that holds together the nucleus in an atom. To release this energy in order to produce electricity, scientist use the processes called nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Once the energy is released, it will change into radiation which is a form of energy. Before nuclear energy was generated, we use fossil fuel to produce electricity. However, fossil fuels such as coal and oil contributes detrimental air pollution.