Thesis Proposal
1. Introduction
In contemporary society, plastics are widely used in people’s daily life, the annual production of plastic has a significant increase from 1.5 million to around 280 million during the 1950s and 2011 (PlasticsEurope, 2012). Plastic has become one of the major contaminants which are widespread in the environment (Moore, 2008; Thompson et al., 2009). Plastics are made of polymerisation of monomers (Derraik, 2002, Rios et al., 2007 and Thompson et al., 2009b). According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), microplastics are plastics which are smaller than 5mm. There are two types of the microplastics in the environment based on the origin. One is primary microplastics and another is secondary
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It has been reported that bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastic could happen in the food web (The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review). Many small organisms at low trophic level such as suspension, filter and deposit feeders, detritivores and planktivores can ingest microplastics (Browne et al., 2008; Graham and Thompson, 2009; Murray and Cowie, 2011; Thompson et al., 2004), which would cause physical threat. Predation of microplastic-contaminated organisms cause the transfer of microplastics through the food chain. Microplastics would block or scratch the digestive system, interfere the production of enzyme; dilute nutrient; reduce growth rates; delay ovulation and reproductive failure and so on. (Galgani et al., …show more content…
At each temperature, three experiment groups are set. Same gut fluid is used in all the experiment. In the first group, clean zooplankton and contaminated PE are put into gut fluid. In the second group, both PE and zooplanktons are contaminated. In the third group, clean PE and contaminated zooplanktons are added into gut fluid. Before adding PE particles and zooplanktons, gut fluid should be put into the incubator to reach the experimental temperature. After putting plastics and zooplanktons, the experiment groups should be put into incubators at experimental temperature in dark. PE samples should take from gut fluid at 10 time points. The samples are taken in
Some of our results for the Dissolved Oxygen tests were 12, 11, 8, and 7. Those were the results of our teams Eutrophication
Procedure and Observations To begin the lab, first all the correct equipment and materials had to be collected
Before getting the goldfish subjects, two beakers were filled with 200 ml fish water and weighed. Four goldfish were then collected gently from the fish tank and each two of them were transferred into one beaker. Each beaker along with fish and water was weighed again to determine the weight of each pair of goldfish. For the control group of each trial, the oxygen chamber was firstly filled with 200 ml fish water; after two goldfish along with 200 ml water were transferred into it, it was sealed in order to prevent oxygen exchange with the ambient environment.
I. Purpose: To experimentally determine the mass and the mole content of a measured sample. II. Materials: The materials used in this experiment a 50-mL beaker, 12 samples, a balance and paper towels. III.
Due to the negative effects caused from plastic it will always play a role in our environment. One hundred different chemicals have been created after the 1950s to the current day. Something people do not realize is that throwing a plastic wrapper on the ground will end up in a birds stomach, burning plastic in a fire will end up in the air we breathe, and recycling plastic will end up back in our homes. The author states, “I don’t even shop anymore. Anything I need will just float
The control to this experiment would be a open container with the same amount of Daphnia and observed for the same amount of time. There would also be a container with certain levels of oxygen concentration that would be observed. The independent variable of this experiment is the oxygen concentration in which the Daphnia will be placed in and the dependent variable of the experiment is the hemoglobin produced in the Daphnia. It takes an estimated two to three days for daphnia in hypoxic conditions to appear red, so the colors of the organisms would be observed for multiple days in order to see the whole process of hemoglobin synthesis in Daphnia. The effect of oxygen concentration on the hemoglobin produced in Daphnia will be tested by placing saran wrap over the petri dish in which the Daphnia live in with varying amounts of openings and measuring the amount of Daphnia that appear red due to the hemoglobin produced in it’s
Examine the C Elegans to insure that the C Elegans have survived at the room temperature and continue to have multiple C Elegans surviving. Once this is done prepare the dilutions of all the subjects which we are testing. Start with 1% solution for Nitrate-N 100ml and move 10ml of the first well into the next. Fill the well with 90ml dh20 to reach 100ml. move 10ml of the second well to the third well.
This cost for turtle a life, as plastic causes a blockage within digestive system. But this is only the beginning. Spots made of plastic cover for Sunlight cannot penetrate through plastic garbage into the water, algae and plankton, which is the bottom of the food chain, may simply die out. The situation can quickly turn into a global crisis. If it becomes less plankton, it means that fish and turtles will have nothing to eat, and if they begin to disappear, then the number of predators such as sharks and whales, also will be reduced.
The methods of this experiment are really simple. When we started the experiment we all washed our hands and wore gloves. Each group member did their part to conduct and successful experiment, one group member plugs the Bunsen burner to the gas pipe and turned on the gas, then used flint spark lighter to set the flame on the Bunsen burner. While the second group member is setting the dissecting microscope and making sure the lenses are clean. This member is getting all three Petri dishes ready to examine (first Petri dish contains E. coli, the second dish have the mixture of C. elegans, the third dish is where we are transferring female C. elegans to mate up).
According to a Biological Diversity website (https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/ocean_plastics/), the author states that “Thousands of seabirds and sea turtles, seals and other marine mammals are killed each year after ingesting plastic.” People keep littering and that littering is killing precious marine life. The level of
The reason plastic is used in many products is because it can withstand up to tons of pressure per cm3, is cheap, is durable, and finally, there is no worry for discoloring. But these days, plastic is becoming a major problem the world has to deal with. Plastic is thrown into the ocean, and it is breaking down into very small pieces, and killing marine life, as they mistake those pieces to their prey. As a matter of fact, nearly all plastics are recyclable, but it 's the recycling companies ' machines that refuse to recycle that kind of plastic(eartheasy.com). I. Plastic, what have you done?
Do you think Alice Thornton’s proposal to decentralize the rules and procedures of Cosmo Plastics will work? Alice proposal of decentralizing the rules and procedures in Cosmo Plastics has a bigger chance of working out in a big company with different departments and great number of employees, because then daily operations and decision-making are divided into different authorities in the organization from the top managements, to the middle and lower level managements. Especially when you have this flexibility in work hours, because some departments in the company need constant attention and discipline from the side of employees, decentralizing is needed to divide the controlling process. On another scale, small groups will be formed, employees
Ever since the industrial revolution commenced, around one third of the carbon dioxide released by human interference has been absorbed by the ocean, which is one of the reasons of the drastic change in climate as well. Without the ocean absorbing carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide n the atmosphere would be drastically higher, with possibly increasing the levels of climate change. The point of the research is to see how will the pH affect the organisms in the marine ecosystem and does carbonation affect an organism’s mass and form. Many organisms that are part of the marine food chain are going to be affected by ocean acidification due the levels of acidity deteriorating the calcium carbonate within the animal. It turns out
Plastic pollution in the ocean Introduction Rachel L. Carson said in her book “Water, soil, and the earth´s green mantle of plants make up the world that supports the animal life of the earth” (63). In other words, our planet was always a place which was dominated by nature and it had essential relations between plants and other plants and between plants and other animals (Carson, 1962). Since the modern human started to conquer the world a lot of things have changed and technology has taken over. My essay is about a quite new but very big problem which affects our wonderful planet; it is about plastic in the ocean.
The Biotope Aquarium Explained In a biotope aquarium, the aquarist attempt to simulate a natural habitat, assembling fish species, plants, water chemistry and decorations found in that specific ecosystem. A “true” biotope should be a mirror of a natural habitat. There are many good reasons for setting up an aquarium that simulates a natural habitat. Those of us who have done everything, bred everything and kept most fish might simply want a new challenge.