In chapter 17 we discussed the three forms of witness identification, lineups, showups and photographic identification. I have been a police officer for a little over 10 and half years and have seen all three of these used on several cases. We have seen several police movies who would bring in a victim into the police station to help identify the offender by a lineup of five to six people of similar build and exterior features. Now when the victim attempts to identify the offender somehow the victim feels that this person can see them through the glass window that separates them from the offender. Now this does not happen in real life. The glass that stands between the offender and the witness is built to keep the victim from being seen. The lineup form of identification helps the victim see …show more content…
This helps the police officers close the case without having to conduct a long drawed out investigation. It helps with the victim’s memory of the offender due to the time that the officers placed the him into custody. The downside to this is that the victim only sees one person that they must identify as the offender which could lead to false identification. When we deal with photographic identification this can be helpful in helping the offender by giving them photos of the offender in the processes of committing the crime. It helps to show and trigger the memory of the victim to see these type of photographs. The photograph of the offender can be admissible without an attorney because the offender is not present and does not need an attorney to protect them. The problem with this, is that sometimes the photograph is not clear and can sometimes show a silhouette of the accused
The murder case of George Zimmerman contained animations. However, the video would be unreliable as evidence as no one would be able to give an accurate representation of the events that unfolded that evening. Rather, the visual evidence in this court case was used as a “visual aid” to help better explain facts
Answers: Yes, the prisoner was the only one wearing a green shirt and that was the only way the victim had to identify her assailant. Reasoning: It actually came out in testimony that another participant in the lineup was wearing a green shirt but the other green shirt was not similar to the one the defendant was wearing. The original trial was six year before and the State only called one witness who was not convincing in his testimony. No other witnesses were called by
Mr. Smallwood was arrested for the robbery and his phone was taken to determine two things: if it belonged to Mr. Smallwood and if it contained any proof that he was linked to the crime. The police found multiple photographs on the phone related to the crime. Including photographs
Detectives emphasized to David that the assailant may or may not be in the photo line up. Detectives also "told him they had arrested the man who raped him, and asked him to pick the assailant out of a photographic lineup. " David then picked Larry Youngblood as his assailant out of the photo line up. Although the photo lineup that David was given was reliable many other parts of this case were not.
The reliability and admissibility of evidence becomes a foundation to this truth as any evidence presented cannot contain elements which can provide doubt towards the validity of the prosecution. This can be shown through guideline 14 of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions agreement to provide advice for the NSW police towards the legal limitations or consequences of evidence obtained during the course of an investigation (Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions n.d). Identification evidence in particular has a lower weight and strength for admission to a court due to the fallibility and circumstantial nature of witnesses. The admissibility of identification evidence was previously determined by judges based on its quality with case law such as R v. Christie providing principles for discretionary powers for admissibility and Alexander v. R providing methods satisfactory to the court for identification such as identification parades under common law. (R v. Christie 1914; Alexander v. R 1981).
It states “scientific research indicates that identification procedures such as line-ups and photo arrays produce more reliable evidence when the individual line-up members or photographs are shown to witnesses sequentially – one at a time – rather than simultaneously.” By giving the reader such a valuable piece of information from a credible source, it engages Loftus’ readers into going more in depth with the research into finding out more about the recommendations provided. This is an attempt by the author to encourage those who are familiar with the justice system particularly in Canada and the United States who both mainly use the adversarial court system to rise up and take part into bringing in a new method that will protect the defendant while in court from being falsely accused of a crime they did not
The police place him in a lineup to have the victim identify who he was but she was unable to. Even though she was not able to identify him, police still had his description of his truck which led him to the police station anyways so they proceeded to interrogate him to see if they could
In 1984, Dennis Brown offered to be a filler in a police lineup to be presented to a rape victim (Innocence 1). This information already highlights the issue with his conviction, because the victim observing the lineup could easily mistake people that look alike. Another issue with his conviction is the way in which he was convicted. The victim observing the lineup chose Dennis, out of everybody else, without proper
Richard miles was wrongfully convicted of murder and attempted murder in 1995 based on eyewitness testimony, false or misleading forensic evidence and official misconduct. The evidence presented at his trial that is useful for this particular research paper is the eyewitness testimony. Thurman the witness in this case identified Miles as the gunman from a photospread that police had given him. Several other witnesses were shown the same photospread but could not identify Miles. Miles was charged with murder and attempted murder.
In previous court cases, such as Manson v. Braithwaite, the Supreme Court deemed that if identification can be determined to be “reliable”, such evidence could be used. The study continues further to document a specific case of mistaken identity. In 1984, Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for the rape of 22-year-old, Jennifer Thompson. While many were pleased that a rapist was off the street, the police has gotten the wrong man.
Effects of post identification feedback on eyewitness identification and nonidentification confidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 334–346. Lindsay, R., & Wells, G. (1985). Improving eyewitness identification from lineups: Simultaneous versus sequential lineup presentations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 556–564.
Own-race identifications are those in which people distinguish someone of the same race as their own. Cross-race identifications mean identifying individuals from a race different from our own. A comprehensive study, with 271 real court cases, was conducted in connection with these issues and the results revealed that witnesses pertinently identified 65% of the defendants who were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified who belonged to a different race than the witnesses. A further scientific study also indicates that own-race identifications are liable to be more precise, by 10 percent to 15 percent, than cross-race identifications (Eysenck and Keane
This week’s topic was very interesting to learn about how important eyewitnesses can be when a crime and accidents do occur. In the case that was presented in the 60-minute segment of Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson is exactly how legal system can fail us when it comes to the eyewitnesses’ identification testimony and how a person’s perception and memory can be altered. The aspect of psychology and law research from this week’s course material is most relevant to the topic of perception and memory. The memory has different stages the first is encoding the process of entering perception into memory.
The detective would analyze the last known pictures of the couple. He would try to determine if the couple in the picture was happy or had conflict. Knowing if the image was unrealistic or manipulated could help solve the case. Having the knowledge to know how we are being manipulated through image is useful. Images can be used to manipulate us to buy an expensive brand of coffee based on the marketing ad.
Crime scene photography, sometimes referred to as forensic photography or forensic imaging, is the art of producing an accurate representation of an accident or crime scene. Crime scene photography is an important asset in the collection of evidence at the crime scene, documents the appearance and location of victims, shell casings, footprints, bloodstain patterns, and other physical evidence. In order for photographs to be admissible in a court of law, the standard for photographs of crime scenes and evidence must be of sufficient quality. Photography has a vital role in the decision made in court because the pictures are to represent the scene as it was exactly. Digital SLR single reflex camera is the most often used camera in crime scene investigations.