Three Major Causes Of Food Security In Pakistan

the picture of food insecurity in the country. By growing the population pressure, the demand for staple food is increasing that reveals an annual shortfall of 3.2 million tons of wheat in Pakistan (Arif, & Khalid, 2007). Food Security Analysis (FSA) is investigated to food security on the basis of three key determinants such as physical access to food (availability), economic access to food and effective biological utilization (Arif, & Khalid, 2007).

Food availability on the basis of food production and consumption. The majority of poor are unable to get food in terms of net food availability. The major cause of the food deficit is occurred due to an influence of climate that destroys the agriculture crops production by natural calamities

Because the shortage of irrigation water has a negative effect on agriculture, it causes of high food prices. The extreme weather and high temperature are the direct cause of low yields in agriculture due to rapidly changing climate conditions (Asif, 2013). Pakistan is at high risk of food shortage because climate change affects food productivity directly and indirectly. On the one hand, the rising temperature is directly effecting on agriculture food production and, on the other hand, the changing rainfall pattern and melting glaciers cause of floods or drought that is an indirect cause of food shortage in the country. The climate change cause of low agriculture productivity and natural calamities such as flood and drought could result in complete loss of available stored food. The food insecurity problem is very common across the country due to the shortage of water in the agriculture sector by climate change (Asif, 2013).

6.1 Types of food in Pakistan

In Pakistan, two types of major food sources; one is crop-based food and other food is obtained from animals. The food production (both animal and crop-based food) dropped from 28.3% to 17.5% respectively in 2003 and 2009 (Asif, 2013). Because the annual rainfall is less than 240 mm and 80 percent of the crop production is dependent on irrigation (Asif, 2013). Therefore, the impact of climate change is negative on growth both crop and animals based food production in

The government data shows that the wheat yield grew from 14,585Mtons to 21 Mtons respectively in 1990-91 and 2007-08, whereas also rice production increased from 0.86 Mtons to 5.56 Mtons respectively in 1950-51 and 2007-08 period (Asif, 2013). The slow growth rate of crop production during the 1990s and the last decade of the 21st century are due to climate change. Such spells of slow growth of crops production combined with some sudden disaster like drought and flood, increase the risk of food insecurity in the country (Asif, 2013). Furthermore, climate change has a direct relationship with shortening and increasing of growing season time. The shortening of crop time has decreased the crop yield due to the shorter period. In addition, the effects of rising temperature on crops cause of decreasing the agriculture food production (Asif,