Three Types Of Research Paradigm

Anti- realism suggests that there is no “real world” out there (Noebel, 119-125). Postmodernists’ ethics is based on cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is the belief that truth and morals are relative to one’s culture. Each community places moral standard on its members’ actions (Noebel, 155-159). Postmodernists’ biology is based on punctuated evolution.

Empiricism is a philosophical theory that our true knowledge can only come from what we sense or experience. That is, we learn by observation, experimentation and experiences. This all relates to John Locke, a well known empiricist that claims that all our knowledge as human beings are founded from experience. If you ask someone

Evidently, Darwin’s principles continues to influence the scientific world at a noteworthy level, but Dewey argues that Darwin’s theories has influenced philosophical understandings by disbanding the philosophy of “fixed” and “final” while creating a new logic behind philosophy. Dewey begins his argument with a background on the origins of the classical philosophy of nature and knowledge. The classical philosophy of nature and knowledge, as Dewey paraphrased, “rested on the assumption of the superiority of the fixed and final; they rested upon treating change and origin as signs of defect and unreality.” Under the classical philosophy, the notion of a fixed purpose in the sense of attaining a predestined perfection prevailed over the notion

The belief that every event has a cause would be the explanation to the problem. Believing that every event has a cause will exclude free will. To determinists, it makes sense that everything has a cause and the belief of free will is not there to contradict the belief of every event has a cause. Secondly, free will conflicts with science. Determinists believe that science is just a way for us to uncover the causes of events.

Georg Simmel was a sociologist from the late 1800’s. Simmel formulated a view of society forms and the underlying patterns of interaction when he observables individuals. Simmel pointed out more distinctly that since only individuals are physically real, the subject matter of sociology must be an invisible world of symbols and forms of interaction. Simmel was interested in forms and underlying patterns of interaction. Simmel formal background of sociology demonstrated how humans see the world through a screen of their own perceptual forms and how these forms were passed on through human history in language, artistic ideals, myths and legal systems.

“The positivist approach assumes that deviance is real, that it exists in the objective experience of the people who commit deviant acts are those who respond to them.” (Conrad, Schneider 1980) Positivism is a perspective on knowledge and reality that assumes human behavior can be studied and explained by utilizing the same principles and practices used to study the natural behavior. Applying the scientific method to the study of human beings. The view that human behavior and attitudes are influenced by forces both internal and external to the individual. Positivism helps discover and accept the science over theology. Also, faith that the scientific method could provide the source of knowledge and the solutions to society’s problem.

According to Weaver and Olson (2006), paradigm is defined as the patterns of beliefs which regulate inquiry within a discipline while Taylor, Kermode and Roberts (2007) stated that a paradigm is a broad view or perspective of something. A paradigm consists of three fundamentals including the belief about the nature of knowledge, a methodology and the criteria for validity (Mac Naughton, Rolfe and Siraj-Blatchford, 2001). Overall, the function of paradigm is to express an idea and act as a tool to conduct normal science which allows it to be applied by

Both St. Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle held that our ability to know is based on a knowledge of nature, specifically a knowledge of human nature. Human nature refers to the ways that one thinks, feels and acts. These are responses which humans tend to have naturally, independently of the influence of society. The argument on the relationship between human nature and knowing is fraught with problems. Sceptics claim that we can know nothing beyond our own current states of consciousness, i.e.

For example Family violence Vs Alcohol abuse, Patriarchy and Cultural background. Both perspectives emphasize that knowledge must start from the empirical, material world. The social world has to be verified in a purely empirical manner by understanding of empiricism and realist ontology. Both have a view that the world exists independently of researchers’ knowledge of it and that social phenomena have causal powers on which we can make causal statements. Both Marxist and positivist stress the need for a rigorous scientific method, for scientific analysis of the social phenomenon and natural

How does the Descriptive Psychology address this question regarding one of psychology is most fundamental concept, that of behavior. It begins by noting that all behavior is describable as an attempt on the part of an individual to bring about some state of affairs either to effect a change from one state of affairs to another, or to maintain a currently existing one. 1. The behavior focused intervention: The applied behavioral science approach to intervention is based on the scientific philosophy of B.F.Skinner. Instead of targeting internal events such as thoughts and attitudes as is often the focus of contemporary awareness campaigns skinner believed psychologists should focus on behavior because, unlike thoughts and feeling, behavior