THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER
A three-way catalytic converter is a device used to cause a desirable chemical reaction to take place in the exhaust flow. It is used mainly for conversion of exhaust gases considered unfriendly to a mixture of desirable gases considered environmental friendly.1 The by-products produced by the engine is not associated the performance of the engine, rather they are products expected from combustion of fuel. The system is place adjacently or in line with exhaust system and is used to cause a desirable conversion at a desirable efficiency.1 Exhaust gases one would expect from exhaust system:
• Carbon monoxide.
• HC.
• NOx.
• O2.
An influence towards invention of a three-way catalytic converter:
A typical reaction that lead to ozone depletion:
O3(g) + A.(g) → O2(g) + AO(g) …(1)
AO(g) +
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There was an increasing demand for automobiles and the emission from them was of concern and needed a solution. In the late 20th century, there was a breakthrough in the investigation of treating these emissions. This included the invention of the three way catalytic converter.2
The first catalytic converter was engineered in the 1950s by Eugene Houndry. Full use of catalytic converters in cars began in 1975 when regulations where introduced on car emissions.9
Three-way catalytic converter construction
Two types of three-way catalytic converter given above operate similar, but the monolith design creates less exhaust backpressure, while giving away a plentiful surface area to effectively convert feed gases into desired ones considered environmental friendly.1 The construction consists of internal converter substrate coated with the following metals:
Palladium which is an oxidising catalyst for HC and CO.
Rhodium which performs as a reducing catalyst for NOx.
Cerium that promotes oxygen storage to improve oxidation efficiency.
Diesel mechanics The job I would want when I get older is to be a Diesel mechanic, I would want this job because I find the way engines and other machines work interesting. To become a Diesel mechanic you will need 3-5 years of experience and a high school diploma. The average yearly salary for a Diesel mechanic is about 42,000-54,400 these results will vary depending on work hours, business size, and location. The duties Diesel mechanics regularly perform on a daily basis are repairs on things like valve tuning so the engine runs smoothly and efficiently
Duramax Diesel I think that the Duramax diesel is the best on the market because they are the number one seller on the market and named best by Motortrend of America(Reed).The reason that duramax diesel is such a good engine is a V-8. The diesel engine are the best way to go because they get good fuel mileage and last longer. Diesel trucks are the number one seller when it comes to pulling trailer. Diesels has came along way since they built the six point five diesel detroit. The most common trucks on the market are diesel trucks
The stoves come with catalytic combustors that
I. Introduction Long ago, since ancient time humans have been using energy and striving for the betterment of themselves, it all began with the use of tools which led to the discovery of fire, from this great breakthrough, humans evolved exponentially. Eons have passed and humans are still using fire to ease their daily lives from cooking, mobility and electricity, but due to the increase in advancement of technologies, it has also increased damages to the planet, thus the governments had started to move towards a producing or replacing the old harmful substance to a less harmful ones, but since one of the most used and one of the highest cause of ozone depletion is chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), it has been banned from production due to the Montreal Protocol 1991, one of the causes as to why it was banned is one of the chemicals it contain is chlorine, once a certain condition is met it depletes the ozone layer, ergo with earth shield compromised more harmful ultraviolet rays will get into the planet, thus only the reservoir of CFC are being used today, now it’s a race against time to replace this CFC with other materials that is less harmful and either as or more efficient than it. There are not a lot of ways to replace chlorofluorocarbon. Some of the most prominent ones are hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and magneto caloric effect (MCE).
In 1910, Jack Johnson became the first black boxer to win the Heavyweight Championship. In 1910, immigration reached its peak. Babe Ruth was important in the 1910’s for being really good at baseball. Henry Ford was important in the 1910’s because of his impact on the motorized vehicle industry.
Infants, children, and individuals with serious illnesses are defenseless to the impacts of CO. Lastly, nitrogen oxides (NOx) cause irritation to lung and debilitate the body 's protections against respiratory contaminations, such as pneumonia and flu. Moreover, they aid the arrangement of ozone layers and particulate matter. Turning off bus engines are beneficial to the environment and prevents major environmental problems. For instance, if the bus is idling, the bus exhaust will releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air.
The first production of the Model T was produced on August 12, 1908. On May 26, 1927, the 15 millionth Model T rolled off the assembly line at Ford's factory in Michigan. Today there are still fords being produced. This changed the Progressive Era, because the car became a demand and became powerful in the industrial world.
this occurs when pollutants in the air have a chemical reaction. This is very effective against the atmosphere. But if we all use different sources like battery powered cars ten we could use our limited supply of fossil fuels for other more important things, or just leave it alone. Not only is there battery powered cars, but we also have wind powered cars. These could be very important, and you can’t tell me this isn’t really cool!
He was later made Chief Engineer of the Detroit Edison Company Plant. He spent most of his time experimenting with gasoline powered vehicles. He completed his first vehicle in 1896, which was the Quadricycle and that set him apart from other automotive inventors. He continued over the next several years experimenting to improve vehicles. Henry Ford incorporated his Motor Company in 1903.
Electric cars or internal combustion engine cars; which one is better? Electric cars were in their prime back in the early 1900’s, but a sudden rise in petrol engine cars, alongside with battery technology issues killed electric cars by 1920. However, with new improvements in battery technology and power electronics, electric cars have resurfaced. I will compare these different technologies, and come to understand which one is better.
Many laws, and restrictions have been passed over the last few decades, restricting manufactures to specific requirements for their emissions, vehicles in general, and even the gasoline that they run on, with requirements for detergents and such,. Unfortunately, it is claimed that these systems don’t have big enough impact on lowering the environmental problem, due to the amount of vehicles out there. Luckily, since electric vehicles are becoming more affordable, practical, and appealing, the amount of problems associated with the amount of claimed pollution will
The advancement of automobiles over time has directly affected the advancement of society as a whole. Society relies intensely and increasing on private motorized transport, vehicles are expected to become safer, more luxurious and powerful. These expectation, however do not take into account of the ensuring consequences such as greater emissions of air pollutants and greater exposure of people to hazardous pollution that causes serious health problems. All the evidence points to the magnitude of these adverse effects on health and to the need to identify solutions that both reduce risks to health and meet the requirement for mobility. This creates a major challenge to the governments, public health organizations, environment authorities and most importantly to the design engineers.
I feel concerned that anthropogenic activities have damaged the atmosphere which has led to severe detrimental effects over time. Studying Chemistry enabled me to learn the science behind global warming and the consequences for it. This made me think, what current technology could be further utilised to reduce greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere? Due to this, I want to talk about electric vehicles as I feel that electric cars are the future of humankind. I will persuade you to leave behind the poisonous, toxic, filthy fumes of your present vehicle and switch to an electric car.
Good Afternoon Everyone “The best solution to pollution is dilution”. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s’ report of 2010 Transportation contributes 13% to the global greenhouse gas emissions. So, have you ever thought of diluting the emissions by switching to Hybrid Vehicles? You may be thinking that Hybrid Vehicles are modern inventions due to technological advancements but did you know that it existed prior to the invention of the conventional gasoline vehicles.
but it’s hard to make it happen and make everyone to use it because it run slower and few distance than normal car. Now a day fuel is more expensive and most making carbon dioxide in human activity [ 1] and electric car is developed enough to run on the road like normal car that we can see on the road. Thesis Statement: The Electric car have several features that make it as the future of every car. Body1 Topic sentence: Electric car did not make pollution. Support idea: zero pollution Support detail: It use electrical energy instead of fuel that not making carbon dioxide to the air or any pollution to the nature.