Three Year Old Research Paper

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is a theory based on the thinking process from birth to maturity. Piaget divided his theory in four stages. (Woolfolk, 2016). The first stage is the sensorimotor. This stage is from birth to 2 years. According to Piaget, during this stage a child learns through senses, reflexes and movement. Furthermore, at this stage children begin to imitate others and remember events as well children make a transition from reflexive actions to intentional activity. The second stage is the preoperational stage. This stage is from 2 years to 7 years. During this stage, children are able to develop language and they will able to use symbols, words gestures, signs and images to represent objects. In addition, children do not have notion of time, they only think in the present. The third stage is named the concrete operational because during this stage children are able to think logically about concrete problems and organize things into categories and series. In fact, children are able to reverse thinking to mentally “undo” actions. They also are able to understand past, present and future. Concrete operational stage begins about 7 and ends about 11 years old. The fourth stage is named formal operational. This stage is from adolescence to adulthood. During this stage, teenagers are able to think hypothetically and deductively. They are able to solve abstract problems in a logical way. In addition, teenagers are able to develop concerns about social issues, justice and personal identity (Woolfolk,

The first one is known as symbolic function substage .it’s usually when the children when they are between two to four years old. The children try to use symbols to show different objects in the world. An example is when they mound a van using clay or plasticine; however they are usually not accurate but they do not care or bothers them , as long as then is represented by the mounded object. They even go to the extent of showing different objects around the world within them, by drawing them on the ground using their fingers or toes. The second substage of Pre-operational stage is known as Intuitive Thought that is between the children of four and seven years old.at this substage, children develop curiosity within them as they try to know everything surrounding them, as they become to the realization that they have a lot of knowledge, but are unaware where they got it from. They tend to each time that they are next to their teachers, parents, relative or anyone who is older than them as their brothers and sisters, questions of How, When and Why. They are able to understand things and even analyses them. They do also perform tasks which earlier they were not able

“This we’ll defend”: This is the motto of the United States Army, as well as the 3rd Infantry Regiment, also known as the “Old Guard.” These are the sentinels who guard the tombs of three unknown soldiers: One never identified from the First World War; another that never found his family from World War Two; and another shot down and never recognized in Korea. Laying a wreath on the tomb of these three unknown soldiers is considered synonymous as laying a wreath on every unknown and unidentified soldier and one of the highest honors for a United States citizen.

While most 10-year olds are playing ball, zone out on video games, or are busy texting their friends, Beau Shell of Athens, Georgia is busy making bank.

The four stages are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete and formal operations. According to the article Age Differences in Children, the sensorimotor stage starts at birth to two years, it is where the child builds a set of concepts about reality and how it works through physical interaction with their environment. Basically, the child does not know that physical items stay in its presence even though; the item is out of sight. The next stage is preoperational stage starts at age two to seven. In this stage the child is not able to think hypothetically and needs concrete physical situations. Which leads to the third stage is concrete operations starts at age seven to eleven. Where the physical involvement stores; the child starts to theorize which leads to creating a logical structure that explains the child’s physical capabilities such as problem solving. For instance, math equations, we use numbers in order to solve a math equation. The final stage is Formal Operations starts at the beginning age of eleven to fifteen. By this point, the child 's cognitive growth is like those of an adult and includes conceptual

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development contains of four stages of intellectual development. The first stage is the sensory motor stage ( birth-2 yrs.), in this stage child does not know the physical object in existence when out of stage. Second stage is called the preoperational stage (age2-7), no abstract conceptualisation is possible where it needs concrete physical situation. In the stage is concrete operational stage (age7-11), starts to conceptualize with experience that accumulates. The fourth stage is formal operation (11-15), cognitive structures resembles like adults and includes conceptual reasoning.

Piaget (in Macleod-Brudenell & Kay, 2008) defined four stages of cognitive development. As mentioned above the second stage is the ‘Pre-operational stage’ (Piaget in Macleod-Brudenell & Kay, 2008) which lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years. At this age, children are able to use symbols and pretend play, as for example when Demetra used the bread for a glass to toast. According to Piaget the pre-operational stage has two subdivisions; the Pre-conceptual stage from 2 to 4 years and the Intuitive stage from 4 to 7 years (Piaget in Macleod-Brudenell & Kay,

Cognitive development is the way the mind matures across someone’s lifespan. Cognitive development involves problem solving, logic, constructing, hypothesizing, sorting, memorizing etc. Cognitive development occurs differently in different children. Some have advanced thinking ability, some are better at logic and some are more visual. I observed children that are in the pre-operational stage. During the pre-operational stage, the child collects experiences and persistently mingles with their environment. The child’s experiences create images in their mind. The child starts identifying symbols and attempts to identify their meanings. The child’s memory begins to mature and the child starts becoming imaginative. According to Renee Baillargeon (2004, 89), “Everyday experiences—for example, crying and then being picked up or waving a toy and then hearing it rattle—provide opportunities for infants to learn about cause and effect. This knowledge helps infants better understand the properties of objects, the patterns of human behavior, and the relationship between events and the consequences. Through developing an understanding of cause and effect, infants build their abilities to solve problems, to make predictions, and to understand the impact of their behavior on others.” During my observation I watched the teacher read to the children. The book was about the alphabet. When some of the children saw the first letter of their name they would shout it out to the teacher. The teacher would encourage the behavior and would respond back to the child in a positive tone. I thought this was a great example of what a child’s mind is like in the pre-operational stage. During my observation I noticed another example of cognitive development. A little girls was washing her hands outside and she was singing the theme of SpongeBob Squarepants. Her teacher asked why she’s singing that song and she

Undergraduate school is a short-period of self-discovery. In that, I believe my involvement in new activities, improvement as an actress, as well as the enhancement of my faith is valuable. Undergraduate school should not only create a meaningful life but also enhance my confidence in my continuation onto graduate school.

Junior year. Some might say this is the most important year of high school. You start seriously thinking about college, you try to keep all your grades up, you take the ACT, and somehow you try to keep a social life. However, those challenges were nothing compared to what I had to deal with my junior year. In the beginning of September I dislocated my kneecap in weightlifting. We were warming up for box jumps that day and I did a lunge and that was the end of that. I remember hearing a pop and looking around thinking that that pop did not sound good at all and then I looked down and realized that it was me and my kneecap was on the side of my knee. I tried to move but I could not so I instantly fell to the ground. After the adrenalin stopped

Middle childhood generally allude to the developmental period between ages 6 and 12, it is an important period in children’s cognitive, social and emotional development (Ntshangase, 2011). Ntshangase (2011) explained that during this period, children can form their thoughts in multi-dimensional ways and that they are able to think about objects in more than one perspective. An important characteristic of this stage is that the slower average growth rate of children compared to the earlier preschool period and the later period of adolescence. During this stage, the average annual growth rate is in terms of height and weight is about 6cm and 2kg individually. On average, the child’s height increases approximately 1.2 m at the age of 6 years to approximately 1.5 m at the age of 12 years, while mass increases over the same time frame from approximately 20kg to approximately 40 kg (Louw et al , 1998). As a result of an increase in strength, coordination and muscular control, a child’s gross motor and fine motor skills improve during this time frame Examples of improved gross motor skills include the ability to walk in a straight line, to run fast and to

Theory of Mind is the attribution of mental states to other people and the ability to use these mental states to understand and predict other people’s behaviour. These mental states may include one’s thoughts, desires, emotions and attitudes. Theory of Mind is an aspect of socio-cognitive development that requires the integration of information from many sources. A child’s development of Theory of Mind is important as it allows them to understand the intentions of others and plays a key role in their social interaction.

Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development is the formal operations stage. This stage goes from adolescence to adulthood; approximately from eleven years of age onward. Through this stage, the “ability to develop hypotheses and deduce new concepts” (“Child Psychology,” n.d.) flourish. Many concepts and ideas are developed through this stage because this is the longest stage during the average person’s lifetime. A couple different concepts learned are idealism, flights of fantasy, advanced understanding of language/advanced language facility, and advanced pragmatism. Idealism is when one is able to imagine a perfect world although it is known that there is no such place. Flights of fantasy is when someone creates in their head a master plan about life and love and the thought of being all powerful or all knowing. An example of this is when a boy may think they are all powerful up until the moment that they fail. Advanced understand

James, at ten years of age, is categorized under the concrete operational stage of Piaget’s developmental theory which age range is 7 – 11 years old. This stage is characterized by rational, more operational and logical thoughts. James can be seen at this stage using his logic abilities, learning to sort objects on the

The most relevant stage for us to carry out this investigation, is the preoperational stage because is where children master their verbal skills. This crucial stage ranges from ages two to seven and it is where children develop their thinking abilities in order to do so in a logical and an operational way. These mental processes enable children to little by little analyze and describe what they perceived with their five senses and recall previously acquired vocabulary. The latter one, is made possible thanks to the symbolic function, that is when kids store on their brain mental pictures in order to use them at a later time. They also start to understand that every person, animal or thing is represented by a word. Finally, driven by their