Thyroid Disorders: A Case Study

There are many postulated causes of DCM, including pregnancy, diabetes, alcohol, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. [5] In 50%, the cause is not known (idiopathic DMC). [6] For this systematic review, we focus on the thyroid levels in patients with DCM. Thyroid hormone has major effects on the heart.

Erika Oregon & Christian Torres Mr. Bagdasarian 28 November 2015 Biology 121 Research Paper Goiter The disease we were assigned is the condition that results in a Goiter. A goiter can be defined as the swelling of the neck caused by an enlargement of the Thyroid gland. This condition is quite overt as the swelling is obviously visible at the base of the neck.

INTRODUCTION Thyroid nodules (TNs) are a common disease, which occurs in 4 to 7% of the population[1]. Studies have shown that thyroid nodules are 4 times more common in women than men and the rate of thyroid nodules increases with age[2] .Because the majority of thyroid nodules are asymptomatic, they are not only discovered by physical examination but also incidentally during various imaging procedures such as carotid ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies or 18FDG-PET scanning. TNs are clinically important primarily due to their malignant potential.

The body also needs thyroid hormones for proper bone and brain development during pregnancy and infancy. If a persons has a lack of Iodine it can cause a “goiter “. A goiter is swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland. Iodine is added to salt which becomes “iodized salt

Turner syndrome may be suspected through ultrasound test. It can be confirmed by prenatal testing with chronic villous sampling or amniocentesis in order to obtain cells from the unborn baby for chromosomal analysis. The diagnosis is then confirmed by a blood test called a karyotype. A karyotype1 is used to analyze the chromosomal composition of the female. There has been a recent study that’s has demonstrated an accurate test for early diagnosis of Turner

First educating the patient on type 1 diabetes and urinary tract infection would be verbally implemented. Once the patient has a background on what was happening to their body education on the medication that would need to be taken to control type 1 diabetes and fix the urinary tract infection would be explain. Then how to appropriately inject insulin and take blood sugar would be taught and ways of how to prevent a urinary tract infection for the future would be addressed. Lastly, the proper diet for a diabetic would be addressed. Written instructions would be given to the patient and a follow up date would be made to evaluate and see how the patient is handling all of the new medication and patient teaching (Vera, 2013,

Prenatal screening can help diagnosed this condition. During the 2nd trimester, pregnant women can have a blood test called

LABORATORY STUDIES DEMONSTRATED MILDLY DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN OF 10.6 G/DL, A NORMAL CREATININE VALUE OF .7 MG/DL (??) AND ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION RESTS RELEVANT FOR AST OF 42 _________?? ALK OF 194 IU/L

Since the radiology image is very important for the radiologist’s diagnosis, this radiation can affect the quality of the image(7). In the period of 1988–2008, the number of X-ray examinations has increased with 128% in the world(8). It was observed that 80 % of patients referred to hospitals at least need a radiographic examination. Paediatric and infants constitute 10 % of the total number of X-ray examinations (9).

Your doctor will also usually screen for diabetes. If you recently had trauma or performed vigorous exercise, they may obtain a creatine phosphokinase (CPK). If you potassium is significantly elevated, you doctor will likely order an EKG (electrocardiogram) to evaluate the electrical activity of your heart. How is hyperkalemia

Melatonin aids in sleep as well as ones biological clock. The thymus is located between the lungs behind the sternum and produces thymosin which help with immunity. The thyroid gland is located under the larynx in the neck and secretes calcitonin which is a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels which targets bones. The parathyroid gland is attached to the thyroid lobe (sits on the thyroid gland) and secretes PTH which is a hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin and increases blood calcium levels which target bone, kidneys, and the intestines. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidney and consist of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

IV bolus of unfractionated Heparin or Subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may be used to prevent the formation of new blood clots. Nursing consideration: Require regular monitoring of activated partial thromboplasitn time (aPTT) and needed frequent heparin dose changes (Brunner and Suddarth’s, et al, 2010: 765). Fibrinolytic therapy: This therapy is given to dissolve the thrombus in the artery and restore the blood flow. There are two fibrinolytic drugs which are streptokinase and Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (r-TPA) which includes Alteplase, reteplase and tenecteplase (Brunner and Suddarth’s, et al, 2010: 772).

The diagnostic steps for thyroid nodules in children and adolescents are not different from those in adults. A thyroid nodule can be discovered by a physician during a routine physical examination, discovered by patients themselves, or observed incidentally during imaging of the neck. However, the majority (75%) of pediatric patients with both benign and malignant nodules have asymptomatic neck masses 3. While some children with enlarged thyroid may present with symptoms of hypothyroidism which included bradycardia, fatigue, dry skin, decreased appetite, weight gain, hyperhidrosis, constipation, and tremors and cold intolerance, other may present with symptoms of hyperthyroidism which include tachycardia, weight loss with increased appetite, heat intolerance and increased sweating, diarrhea, and exophthalmia, some are

C.) The nurse would monitor for therapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan) by continuing monitoring the blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature, ensuring they are within the range that the doctor set. You would also need to monitor complete blood count (CBC) and should be maintained at 2500– 4000/mm^3. Urinary output is important aspect when making sure the drug is in therapeutic range. You would want to monitor the urinary output to make sure it is in the range of 3000 ml/day so they are not developing the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis.

During this process, the blood is tested for higher levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen or IRT. The sweat test is another test used to test the amount of salt in the sweat and see if it is higher than normal. A blood test can also check the DNA to see if the gene that can cause Cystic Fibrosis is defected. These tests are usually done on infants and they must be tested at Cystic Fibrosis specialized clinic. (Mayo Clinic Staff)