CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses and focusing the procedure used to investigate the surface roughness and microstructure during medium turning of Ti-6Al-4V ELI using different combinations of cutting parameter values under dry conditions. Experimental tests were carried out using uncoated carbide. 3.1 Experimental Equipments During the experiment was conducted, it involves the use of several testing equipments, cylindrical workpiece, and uncoated cutting tool. All these equipment will be discussed in the sub topic. 3.1.1 Testing equipment a. CNC lathe Haas ST-20 The machine involve in this experiment shown in Figure 3.1. Machining tests were conducted on a CNC lathe that has a continuously variable spindle speed. CNC …show more content…
This is to reduce the vibration by this hole are held by the tail stock. The surface of workpiece processed with depth of cut of 2 mm before the experiments started; in order to eliminate the harden surface that generated during its processed. In addition, the uniform of workpiece diameter can be achieved. Figure 3.3: Workpiece of Ti-6Al-4V ELI Table 3.2: Chemical composition of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (% wt) (TSI Titanium Co.) Element C Si Fe Ti Al N V S O H Y Wt% 0.11 <0.005 Table 3.3: Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (TSI Titanium Co.) Mechanical properties Value Density 4428.78 kg/ m^3 Tensile fatigue 900 MPa Ultimate tensile strength 970 MPa Thermal conductivity at 20 °C 6.6 W/ m/K Specific heat at 20 °C 0.580 J/ g.K Elongation 13% Hardness 241 HB Tensile strength at 400 °C 550 MPa Elastic modulus 107 – 122 GPa Shear modulus 41 – 45 GPa 3.1.3 Cutting tool The cutting tool used in this experiment is uncoated carbide inserts. This cutting tool made from Sandvik with rhombus shape CNGG 120408 SGF S05F. Figure 3.4 shows carbide tool uncoated CNGG 120408 SGF S05F. Figure 3.5 shows schematic geometry of the tool and the dimension is shown in the Table …show more content…
This means the minimum of experiment is four without calculate the number of Cₒ. c. With two number of Cₒ added, so number of experiments shows in Table 3.7 which designed by two level factorial. Table 3.7: Experiment running schedule that designed by two level factorial Experiments v (m/min) f (mm/rev) d (mm) 1 100 0.20 0.35 2 120 0.17 3 140 0.20 4 100 0.15 5 140 0.15 6 120 0.17 3.3 Experimental Procedures Interrupted turning cuts were carried out at fixed cutting conditions with fresh tool inserts. The measured parameter to represent the progress of wear was tool flank wear, VB. The cutting test run was periodically interrupted for each 20mm of length and the material was taken out to measure microstructure by microscope. The depth of cut value is maintained at 0.35 mm, mm while the cutting speeds are set at 100, 120, and 140 m/min and feed rate also set at 0.15, 17, and 0.20 mm/rev. The turning operation tested and stopped until the VB reached 0.3mm. The 0.3mm VB is the standard recommended criteria is defining a tool life endpoint by the ISO 3685:1993. The obtained data were analyzed in order to investigate the relation of tool wear and parameters. Figure 3.4 shows the steps of procedure in this
Such as, 2 2 2 , , r s s r r r s r r r L L R L R M L L M L PM L R Where rd s i u , , and r : are respectively, the stator voltage, stator current, rotor flux and rotor speed. The indices d, q indicates a direct and quadrate index according to the usual d-axis and q-axis components in the synchronous rotating frame. M L L R R r s r s , , , , and : are respectively, stator and rotor resistance, stator and rotor inductance, mutual inductance and total leakage factor. P, J, TL and f: are respectively, the number of pole pairs, the rotor inertia, the load torque and the friction coefficient.
14 3.1) Appropriate tool for production 14 3.2] Forces that act during ideal orthogonal cutting: 14 3.4] Mechanisms and effects of different types of tool wear and catastrophic failure: 15 [3.5] Life of single point cutting tool over multipoint cutting tool: 16 TASK 4 16 P[4.2]Correct tool and machine settings for increasing the hole diameter to precise size. 16
Lab report Experiment 6 The synthesis of Alum Lingrui Ge Oct 18th 2015 Purpose: discover the synthesis of alum. Materials: two 250 mL beakers, 400 mL beaker, 25 mL or 50 Ml GRADUATED cylinder, Buchner funnel and filter flask, watch glass, glass stirring rod, lab burner, ring stand, ring, wire gauze, hot plate, wash acetone, Aluminum foil, 3 M sulfuric acid solution, KOH, 50% enamel solution, ice bath, balance, boiling chips, gloves, pipe cleaner. Process: get and wear goggles, set up a Buchner funnel and flask and measure its mass.
Introduction: The copper content of U.S. pennies has declined over the years due to rising prices. The expensive metal makes up just 2.5 percent of one-cent pieces minted in 1982 or later; nickels, dimes and quarters, on the other hand, are mainly composed of copper. Still, today’s pennies cost more than their face value—an estimated 1.8 cents each—to produce.
The way you can have electricity in your hands and melt metal together to make it permanent inspired me, and this is why I chose to come to CTC for metal fabrication and welding.
This was done to get more accurate results. The first time the experiment was conducted it was tested at three different time points, at zero minutes, fifteen minutes and
Janmar Coatings, Inc. In-Depth Case Analysis Prepared by: Elliot Thome In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Marketing Management and Policies Submitted February 26th, 2015 Case Synopsis In early January 2005, Ronald Burns, president of Janmar Coatings, Inc., and his senior management executives were faced with the issue of deciding where and how to deploy corporate marketing efforts among the various markets served by the company.
Stanley Milgram wants to know how people would go in obeying an instruction. For his experiment he stand a procedure it is different from others. His experiment taken at human beings. 40 males aged between 20 and 50 were selected for the experiment, These 40 males were professionals who is unskilled. There is a teacher and learner in his experiment.
The most valuable skill in my arsenal was the tool of scanning a paper for
From the beginning of Nickel and Dimed and Scratch Beginnings, the question posed is the same: “Does the American Dream still exist in the modern America?” And while liberal and conservative commentators will openly contradict each other and argue the viability of making it from almost nothing in this modern age, all that is hearsay. Ehrenreich and Shepard, the authors of Nickel and Dimed and Scratch Beginnings respectively, tried to go beyond what the commentators were doing and prove whether the American dream was still alive by embarking on their own separate case studies. And while, it is imaginable that anyone can rise from rags to as, Shepard stated “[to] slightly better rags,” the how to do this is the item in question. The American
The time it took for each of the trials was a recorded and then based on that along with the radii measurements the calculations for the centripetal force were conducted. The purpose of this experiment was to measure the period of a swinging stopper for three selected radii in order to calculate the centripetal
The machine was set to 0 the force before the specimen was set into the machine. Each specimen was set into the machine, lining up the bottom of it with the the second pair of dots on the grasp. The top grasp was lowered to line the top of the specimen with the second row of dots on the upper grasp. Once in place and tightened, a strain gauge was attached to the specimen to measure how much