Pharmacological Study: Tinospora

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES:

A variety of constituents have been isolated from Tinospora cordifoliaplant and there. They belong to different classes such as alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides. The plant mainly contains alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, aliphatic compounds, essential oils, mixture of fatty acids and polysaccchrides. The alkaloids include berberine, bitter gilonin, non glycoside gilonin gilosterol [22]. The major phytoconstituent in Tinospora cordifolia include tinosporine, tinosporide, tinosporaside, cordifolide, cordifol, heptacosanol, clerodane furano diterpene, diterpenoid furano lactone, tinosporidine, columbin, b-sitosterol.

cordifolia. It has been reported to mediate its antidiabetic potential through myriad of biologically active phytoconstituents isolated from different parts of plant, including alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavanoids, saponins and steroids. These compounds have been reported to encompass different target activities in diabetic conditions, thus enabling the potential application in experimental and clinical research. Kannadhasan R and Venkataraman S study reported that 30 days treatment of Sedimental extract of Tinospora cordifolia (SETc) (1000mg/kg/p.o) on diabetic subjects was proven for its efficacy and clearly establishes the antidiabetic activity with antiobese body built. The Ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia leaves in different dosages (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) administered orally for 10 days and 30 days in streptozotocin diabetic albino rats. It is clearly showed that TC has significant antidiabetic activity in diabetic animals and has an efficacy of 50% to 70% compared to insulin. Borapetoside C isolated from Tinospora crispa (5 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the elevated plasma glucose in diabetic mice, increased glucose utilization, delayed the development of insulin resistance and then enhanced insulin sensitivity. The activation of insulininduced IR-Akt-GLUT2 expression in liver and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity may have contributed to the hypoglycemic

It also decreases the activity of SOD, GPx in alloxan induced diabetic rats. [37,38]Extract of Tinospora cordifolia has been reported its free radical scavenging properties [39]. Leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia reported to have an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, characterized as saponarin was found to be also significant antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity [40]. Due to the presence of alkaloids it shows protection against aflatoxin induced nephrotoxicity [41]. Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract has a radio protective activity, enhancing the survival of mice against a subethal dose of gamma radiation [42, 43]. Keeping in view the above mentioned medicinal properties, this plant has been listed an important plant amongst the 32 prioritized plants by NMPB, New Delhi, Government of India. Various funding agencies have been sanctioned the large amount to research on this important ignored plant species in the form of major research projects to different organizations/ institutions, are also being represented here for the help of