Titanium Tetrachloride Lab Report

A total of 0.1 ml of supernatant was added to cuvette containing 1.9 ml of 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 7). The reaction was started by the addition of 1 ml freshly prepared 30mM H2O2. The rate of decomposition of H2O2 was measured spectrophotometrically at 240 nm. Catalase values were expressed as n moles H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein. Measurement of lipid peroxidation TBARS, a measure of lipid per oxidation, was measured as described by Ohkawa [15].

white light) is allowed to fall on a substance, then the frequencies absorbed by the substance are studied. This type of spectrum is an absorption spectrum and called an absorption spectroscopy. The spectrum shows that the light separated into its constituent wavelength and intensity plotted at each wavelngth. This separation process is known as Spectroscopy. In spectroscopy the emitted or absorbed radiation is split into the various frequency components and the intensity is measured by means of an instrument called a spectrometer.

Alginate sample (30 mg) was hydrolyzed in 10 mL HCl (0.3 M) at 100 ºC for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was centrifuged (6000 rpm, 45 min), and the supernatant solution was separated and neutralized with 1 M NaOH and referred to as fraction A. The insoluble material was dissolved in 1 M NaOH and the pH was decreased to 2.85 by the addition of 1 M HCl. The suspension was recentrifuged and the supernatant was separated and referred to as fraction B. The insoluble fraction was dissolved by neutralization with 1 M NaOH and referred to as fraction C. The fractions A, B, and C are enriched in MG, MM, and GG blocks

2.5.4. Metal chelating activity Briefly, 2 mM FeCl2 was added to different concentrations of test sample and reaction was initiated by the addition of 5 mM ferrozine. The mixture was vigorously shaken and left to stand at room temperature for 10 min. Absorbance was measured at 562 nm after 10 min.8 % Inhibition = [(AB - AA)/AB] x 100, where AB, absorption of blank sample, AA, absorption of test sample.

The HPLC method was applied to the solutions and the results obtained were shown in table 4.6.11. System suitability solution: 25.0 µg/mL each of of USP Amoxicillin RS in Diluent. Precision

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Cyclic voltammetric studies of copper-phen

Approximately 2 gm, nearest to 0.1 mg, oven dried cornhusk fibres, were weighed out accurately in weighing bottle and transferred to a 100 ml beaker. 40 ml of cold (10-15˚C) 72% sulphuric acid was added gradually to the fibres in small increments while stirring the mixture and macerating the fibres with a small glass rod. The beaker was kept in a bath at 2 ± 1˚C for dispersion of material. After the specimen was dispersed, beaker was covered with a watch glass and kept in a bath at 20 ± 1˚C for 2 hours. Mixture was stirred frequently to ensure complete

To clean the carbon fiber pieces, soak the carbon fiber pieces into 1 M sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. This process can increase its hydrophilic property (oxidizing) and clean other chemicals on its surface. Then dip the carbon fiber pieces into ethanol for 5 minutes in order to clean them

.1.1 CYTOSINE ANALOGUE PREPARATION WITH AROMATIC ALDEHYDE when aromatic aldehyde is used, magnesium is added to anhydrous methanol or ethanol (4 eq relative to cytosine) and heated until complete dissolution of magnesium filings and add 2 mmol of cytosine, followed by the aromatic aldehyde in the amount of 4-6 eq, minimum of 4 eq relative to cytosine, the reaction mixture is heated up to 45-65°C for at least 3 hours, and later, a reducing agent, preferably NaBH(1 eq relative aldehyde) ,is added to the cooled mixture, then it is kept at room temperature for at least 15 minutes, followed by addition of inorganic acid solution; next, the mixture is evaporated, water is added and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate to isolate the product;

2.2 Chemicals and reagents The API of AN (99.9% pure) 1000mg was purchased from market. HPLC grade acetonitrile (SD fine limited). Analytical grade hydrochloric acid ,sodium hydroxide flakes, hydrogen peroxide. Milli-Q Water purchased from market.. 2.3 Details of Method Chromatographic conditions: Reversed Phase High Performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection separation was achieved on zorbox Agilent Eclipsc XDB column c18(150 nm× 4.6 mm×5µm) as stationary phase with binary gradient mode solvent phase A. Composed of H3PO4(ortho phosphoric acid ) buffer ( pH ≈2, 0.02M) and phase B as Acetonitrile ,The Flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the total elution time including the column re-equilibration was approximately

Experimental Clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol (10.0336 g, mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask containing five boiling chips, Montmorillonite K10 clay (1.0430 g) was then added to the cyclohexanol and the mixture was swirled together. The flask was then placed in a sand bath and attached to a simple distillation apparatus. The contents of the flask were then heated at approximately 150 °C to begin refluxing the cyclohexanol. The distillation flask was then loosely covered with aluminum foil and the hood sash was lowered in order to minimize airflow. As the reaction continued, the temperature was adjusted in order to maintain a consistent rate of distillation.

The substances used during the experiment have some hazardous drawbacks. Some hazards of working with trans-cinnamic acid are skin, eye, and respiratory irritation (CINNAMIC ACID). This compound may be combustible at high temperatures. Some hazards of working with acetic acid severe skin burns and eye damage Acetic acid). This compound is combustible.

3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.