To What Extent Have Epistemologists Managed To Provide Sufficient Conditions For Propositional Knowledge
Have epistemologists managed to provide the sufficient conditions for propositional knowledge?
Epistemologists study knowledge, in particular what makes something knowledge. In this essay I will be looking at several arguments for the sufficient conditions for propositional knowledge. I will assess each one to show that the only true argument for propositional knowledge is Infallibilism.
Perhaps the most simplistic argument for what makes knowledge is ‘JTB’ or the ‘Tripartite View of Knowledge’. This argues that you must have a justified, true belief to know something: you cannot know what is false, you cannot know a proposition which you do not believe to be true and a belief that is irrational or is not based the evidence is not knowledge.
At first glance this seems to make a lot of sense, it is the conclusion one would
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It consists of three conditions; S believes that P, P is true and S is certain the P. Certainty in this respect does not mean the feeling of certainty but the inability to be wrong. It is this strengthening of the justification condition from JTB that for me makes this the only theory that provides the sufficient conditions for knowledge. If you are certain you cannot be wrong and therefore there can be no Gettier-type problems that can counter it, it needs to alterations or tweaking. Some infallibilists argue that belief is not a necessary condition and Plato argues that belief and knowledge are in fact two different things. Belief or opinion (doxa) is to see something as, for example, beautiful while others may disagree so if something can be both beautiful and not beautiful then it is not knowledge, however, beauty in itself cannot not be beautiful, so the ‘form’ beauty is knowledge: we can have knowledge of the Forms, but not knowledge of particular objects of sense experience. We can take from this that belief has no place in the conditions for
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