Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Plant culture Tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Five Star F-1 Hybrid) were gotten from the local market. Before sowing, the seeds were surface sterilized with a mixed solution containing 49% sterile double-distilled water (DDW), 50% ethanol, and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes, then vigorously rinsed with sterile DDW. The tomato seeds were germinated on 2 sheets of sterilized filter paper in a Petri dish (12-cm diameter). The Petri dishes were kept in the dark for germination. 2.2. SP and NO treatments under NaCl stress After two weeks of germination treatments were applied to each Petri Dish. The treatments were given as follows: (i) 0 μM NO + 0 nM SP, (control), (ii) 100 μM NO, (iii) 200 μM SP, (iv) 100 μM NO + 200 μM SP, (v) 100 mM NaCl, (vi) 100 μM N0 + 200 μM SP + 100 mM NaCl, and (vii) 200 μM cPTIO + 100 μM NO + 200 μM SP + 100 mM NaCl. Analytical grade chemicals were used in this study. Sodium nitroprusside [SNP: (Na2 [Fe(CN)5NO].2H2¬O] was used as the NO donor, while cPTIO [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide] was used as the NO scavenger. NaCl treatment was applied to the Petri dish having tomato seedlings in order to attain the final concentration. The Petri dishes were arranged in a sample-randomized …show more content…
(1995). Leaves were washed 3 times with DDW to remove surface contamination, and leaf discs were cut from young leaves and placed in sealed vials containing 10 mL of DDW, followed by incubation on a rotary shaker for 24 hours, after which the electrical conductivity of the solution (EC1) was determined. Then, the samples were autoclaved at 120 ΟC for 20 minutes, and the electrical conductivity was measured again (EC2) after the solution was cooled down to room temperature. The electrolyte leakage was defined as EC1/EC2×100 and expressed as
First test, Morphological of Unknown consists of multiple of subtests. First subtest was used to determine the optimum temperature of unknown #398 growth by inoculation into 2 nutrient agar slants.
Hypothesis: If one-day pinto bean seedlings are soaked in a water solution, 1% NaCl solution, and 3% NaCl solution, the seedlings exposed to higher sodium concentrations will have decreased cellular respiration rates. Treatments: This experiment involved three treatments and a control. The goal of the experiment was to see how different levels of NaCl affect the rates of cellular respiration in day-old pinto bean seedlings.
The reaction was repeated 3 times and average rate noted. From these rates a graph was plotted which describes the relationship of the pressure produced and number of drops added. The reaction rates were measured by Kpa/min and were written to 4 figures for precise results. Time was measured by stop watch. Table 4 shows a summary of all the groups which participated in the lab session.
Lastly, the unknown compound was reacted with two different salts. For the first salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water in one beaker while 0.5 grams of NaNO3 was mixed with 5 mL of water in a different beaker. Then, the NaNO3 solution was added to the KCl solution. To perform the reaction with the second salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M Ag(NO3)2 was added. After performing each reaction, the solution was observed to see if a reaction occurred and the pH value of the resulting solution was tested using a pH
We made high and low density treatments of ten seeds and two seeds respectively. Each treatment had water, soil, and fertilizer. The height and survivorship from each treatment was averaged over four weeks. These results show no significant difference between the high and low treatments.
In this experiment, 0.95 mL of phosphoric acid, 0.75 mL of 2-methylcyclohexonal, and Drierite are added to a Hickman still. The prepared Hickman still is submerged halfway into a preheated sand bath. The temperature range was kept above 140 ˚C but below 165˚C to prevent the product from evaporating. The product collected in the ring of the Hickman still for about twenty minutes. Once the reaction was complete, the product was transferred into a pre-weighed vial using a slant Pasteur pipette.
If the experiment was completed again, more higher concentrations could be applied to the seeds to see if the data is further supported. Either way the more trials the better and more accurate results, this applies to any experiment. Practical applications of the principles of this investigation may be using the correct concentration for a specific plant or seed. This lab shows that it is necessary to follow the directions and specifications when using the fertilizer miracle
Karla Negrete Mrs. McCaleb History 11.3 19 September 2017 On Native Soil On September 11, 2011 many events happened that changed American’s life forever. In my opinion I believe that this event could have been prevented if only the government would be well prepared. Three reasons that would support my claim would be: the lack of miscommunication,
A spin vane was added and a water-jacked condenser was attached. Isopentyl nitrite (0.06ml, 0.045 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (0.50 ml) in a 3-ml conical vial and caped to prevent loss by evaporation. Running the reaction. The mixture in the 5-ml conical vial containing the tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and anthranilic acid was heated on an aluminum block to 140° C. Once the mixture started to boil the prepared mixture of isopentyl nitrite was added to the 5-ml conical vial through the top of the condenser using a pasture pipette.
Chemical stress affected the cell membrane of a beet cell, because of the higher amount of ethanol added to the beet. For example, we added 1% ethanol, 25% ethanol, and 50% ethanol to 3 test tubes with 15 mm of beets inside. We left it with no air inside for 30 minutes then tested the absorbance of the ethanol without the beet. The class got roughly 0.273 for the 1% ethanol, 1.205 for the 25% ethanol, and 1.882 for the 50% ethanol concentration. In each solution, the ethanol was a bit redder than the last.
We then obsevered the two slides for number of cells as well as for food vacuoles inside a cell using a microscope at times of 0,5,10,20, and 30 minutes. Results The following graphs show the results of this experiment. The tetrahymena sample that was introduced to concentrated tobacco had a lower cell/vacuole ratio than the tetrahymena sample that was not exposed to
It’s fascinating to do a contrastive analysis of material and nonmaterial culture, together with exploring sociological factors that unknowingly shape my life. As it kind of offers an insight into the world around me, and opens my eyes to those unnoticed patterns which exist in my society. Hence, let’s discuss these areas in depth next. First and foremost, the big difference between material and nonmaterial culture is: whether tangible or invisible. The former refers to man-made things that people not only give a meaning to them, but also assign a function or value, whereas the latter encompasses abstract ideas and implicit forms of social interaction.
Introduction Plants are a major necessity in the balance of nature, people’s lives, and our terrain. We may not realize it, but plants are the ultimate source of food for almost 95% of the world population so says the National Group of Food. It’s a fact that over 7,000 species of plants are being consumed today. Plants are one of the reasons that we get clean water; as they help regulate the water cycle.
One way researchers can better understand some of the impacts of acid rain is by studying how acid rain affects plant health. For instance, studying the fascinating ways plants interact with acid rain can give botanists and other researchers a better understanding of certain plant species. Therefore, one intriguing question arises: In what ways does acid rain hinder plants’ ability to function, grow, and remain healthy? Although it is known that acid rain has harmful effects on various nonliving things, such as eroding structures, it also has similar harmful effects on living things. For instance, through direct contact with the leaves, and indirect contact through the soil, acid rain affects plants by leaching nutrients, exposing them to
My understanding of business model is a description what a company does to make values for customers and to get money from customers. 2. Analyze the business model of Cacao Show: • Complete an Osterwalder (www.businessmodelgeneration.com) business model canvas of Cacao Show • Complete an Ash Maurya (www.leanstack.com) business model canvas • Describe the concept The concept of Cacao Show is to deliver high-quality products with affordable price. They have created a new position in the market.