Operational reliability is an essential criterion in the optimal operation of a distribution system. It must be considered in the optimization process. The reliability is quantified by computing the cost of failure. Every customer has interruption in his activity due to service disruption. This cost is measured and averaged over time as the customer interruption cost (CIC). CIC is a function of the total service interruption duration. It increases with time and rate of this cost is piece wise inversely proportional with time. Let the jth element of the system be a link in supplying power to the ith bus. Let this jth element have an average failure rate of kj failures per year. Let the average failure duration considering data for several years be rj minutes per year. Then the cost of service interruption for the customer at the ith bus considering a load of Li may be computed as below (47) where ri is the total service interruption duration at the ith bus …show more content…
3.3.5 Optimal Reconfiguration by Firefly Algorithm: The firefly algorithm is a nature enlivened algorithm for optimization and it is by all accounts more proficient than different algorithms like particle swarm optimization. As in nature, the firefly is pulled in to a flashing light created from alternate ones. This is to be mating by the same species or lethally luring by alternate species. One firefly tends to move toward the brightest flashing light and the brightness is shifted by the separation. Three idealized rules are used in firefly algorithm. The main is that all fireflies are unisex accordingly they are pulled in to the next depending just on the brightness. The attractiveness of a firefly can be figured as takes
{Objective Function} f$(X)$, X= (x1, x2, x3, x4 $...$xd) \Generate the initial population of n fireflies, Xi, i = 1, 2, $...$, n \Light intensity Ii at Xi is determined by f (Xi) \Define the light absorption coefficient $gamma$ \While (t $<$Ij) \ hspace{2cm} Move firefly i towards j; \ hspace{1cm}End if \ hspace{1cm}Vary attractiveness with distance i via exp[- $ gamma r^{2}$] \ hspace{1cm}End for j \ hspace{1cm}End for i \ hspace{1cm}Rank the fireflies and find the current global best solution g* \End while \Post-process the results \
4.4.2. Attack group knowledge A biggest thing is that to provide attackers to information about system. Which means to gain information about system?
It also indicate that they would incur in a back-charge of $5 for every new non-responding receiver installed during a 30 day period if they failed at least 50% to phone lines. (p.466) The technicians also argued that the phone connection was not always possible because most of the time the customers were not interested. The legal issue in this case is whether the employees’ disparaging statements to 3rd
If we supposed that the service level agreement states that the system would not be offline or unavailable more than 45000 seconds a month then the goal would be to stay away from exciding the stated time. In the data from the years 2009-2017 we can see that the average total downtown is 44151.24 and we can determine that for the most part we are keeping with the goal of not exciding the 45000 mark. In the histogram, we can also see that there was also a high number of occurrences were the system was offline or unavailable for more than 45000.
Prompt: “Write about a song you like and why?” My whole life revolves around music; everyday I’m going to either choir or orchestra. While I’m driving I’m singing along with the radio. Narrowing down all of the songs in my repertoire is a difficult task. After thinking about this question for a good half an hour I came to a conclusion.
Task 3 In the Lord of The Flies by William Golding, William Golding believes man is inherently corrupt; therefore, law and authority is utmost important for mandkind. William Golding is going for a more savage look in the novel for example the plane that the children are on crashes and it kills the pilot. The children end up waking up from the crash and are stranded on an island. These sources “What Makes Us Moral” and the article “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” agree with William Golding’s Lord of The Flies.
Symbolism is a notable feature in Catching Fire. Through symbolism , Suzanne Collins manages to paint Katniss as the ultimate embodiment of rebellion through transferring her into a mockingjay . " A mockingjay is a creature the Capitol never intended to exist"(92), as it is a result of the Capitol's usage of the japperjays which were sent to spy on the rebels. However, the japperjays failed in their mission so the Capitol left them to die ,but they managed to survive through mating to female mockingbirds . This proves that the existence of the mockingjays is an act of rebellion in itself , an act of defiance excuted by the Capitol's own invention , long before Katniss has been born. .
Anne McClintock wrote her essay “Gonad the Barbarian and the Venus Flytrap: Portraying the female and male orgasm” to examine pornography and how it has changed throughout history and its effects on how women perform as sexual beings. McClintock focuses on the various roles of pornography such as its emphasis on voyeurism, pleasure, and the male ego. She wants her readers to know that women are still not represented in pornography to satisfy their own desires, but they are there to cater to men and their subconscious. I will analyze how McClintock argues that due to the history of sexism towards women, the roles that men and women have in pornography are inherently different because of the societal belief that women are only seen as objects of sexual desire and are solely there to satisfy the male audience.
A Demonstration of Chemotaxis Between Flies and Various Substances (Sugar vs Bacteria) Abstract: The purpose of this lab based on the Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly) reactions. Since the fly has been studied and observed for many years, and known for its unique chemotactic attractions to different stimuli, it was an ideal organism for the study being conducted. In the experiment the purpose was to be able to figure out whether the flies would be more attracted to sugar or bacteria.
Informative Analysis of The Human Fly The Human Fly by T.C. Boyle tells the story of a man who wants to be a famous superhero. The text deals with morality, mental illness and loss. This essay demonstrates an analysis of how these elements are interpreted and describes how the life lessons of this text can be applied to reality.
Parcc Essay After reading the two passages, "Red Cranes", and, "The Firefly Hunt", it is clearly presented that the authors of each stories, developed the characters in clever differential ways. Although the approach was very different, the characteristics within these characters were quite similar. As goes to say, each author had their own perspectives through introducing each characters intentions and feelings. In the story, "The Red Crane", written by Jacey Choy, the approach to develop Choy's characters was very subtle.
Doctor Irving Greenberg, a Modern Orthodox rabbi contemplates the question of whether it makes sense to believe in God after the Holocaust in his Cloud of Smoke, Pillar Fire” (1977). Considering the nature of the Holocaust as a historical transforming event and its substantial death toll, that is taking the lives of six million Jewish, several postulations surrounding the subject of God after the Holocaust have emerged, such as the works of Richard Rubenstein, Eliezer Berkovits, and Hans Jonas to name a few. Greenberg’s work explores that when considering the horrible nature of the Holocaust, it may be fallacious to believe in God and moreover disrespectful to its victims. However, despite of this, there are still moments in which God is present,
The model that we selected for our practice run and actual simulation was Low lifetime cost. We decided to implement this strategy to improve quality and customer satisfaction. Delta Signal Corporation was initially an innovative supplier that developed a wide range of products, however, these products lacked quality and customer satisfaction. Through our simulation, we hoped to combat these issues by deliberately focusing on high quality and achieving customer satisfaction while still providing low-cost products.
This asset mix has a mean cost per employed person of 794. The CTE(90) is 879 which is within the “10% deviation from mean” boundaries the proposed requirement set. In the event of adverse market, we need to put more conservatism into our consideration. It is expected that more outcomes will occur close to the worst scenarios we have tested. Therefore, for the adverse market, we should choose CTE(95) as we weighted more heavily on the 5% worst scenarios.
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction The original owner Tony Tan and his family opened a Magnolia ice cream parlour in Cubao Quezon city in 1975. In 1978 he and his siblings engaged the services of a management consultant. Manuel C Lumbia,Who shifted the business focus from ice cream to hot dogs after his studies showed a much larger market waiting to be served.