TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
ABSTRACT
In recent years, quality has become an important competitive strategy in the global market. In near future, due to World Trade Organization agreements, globalization and competitiveness, organizations have no choice other than adopting Total Quality Management for their survival. This paper provides problem identification, solving and prevention tools for successful implementation of TQM culture. A case study of service sector implementing TQM is discussed.
Keywords: Total Quality Management, Quality Control, Variation, Process,
1 INTRODUCTION
With demanding customers, increasing competition, changing business condition, globalization and increasing complexity of products & markets that buy these products
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forty years later Japan’s manufactured products are the envy of the world and are of high quality . Their approach to, management of resources is completely different from traditional approach. TQM, having being established in manufacturing industries has continued to grow and is now pervasive throughout enterprise in the world.
4 TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO QUALITY CONTROL
Quality Control has been an important function in organization producing goods for sale where product specifications are important [ 2]. The approach to quality control usually followed this sequence
1 Produce product with major emphasis on cost & Quality
2 Measure the product after it is produced to determine whether it meet product specification.
3 Ship product meeting specification and reject products not meeting specification In operations where quality is not a concern at the point of sale, the sequence generally skips step numbers two and three in the list above.
Traditional Approach
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. 7 TOOLS OF TQM
The following are some of the most common TQM tools in use today.
Pie Charts and Bar Graphs
•Used to identify and compare data units as they relate to one issue or the whole, such as budgets,vault space available, extent of fonds, etc.
Histograms
•To illustrate and examine various data element in order to make decisions regarding them.
•Effective when comparing statistical, survey, or questionnaire results.
Figure 2 Histogram
Run Chart
•Follows a process over a specific period of time, such as accrual rates, to track high and low points in its run, and ultimately identify trends, shifts and patterns.
Figure 3 : Example Run Chart
Pareto Charts / Analysis (designed by Vilfredo Pareto)
•Rates issues according to importance and frequency by prioritizing specific problems or causes in a manner that facilitates problem solving.
•Identify groupings of qualitative data, such as most frequent complaint, most commonly purchased preservation aid, etc. in order to measure which have
31. Which level of RAID refers to disk mirroring with block striping? a) RAID level 1 b) RAID level 2 c) RAID level 0 d) RAID level 3 Answer: a 32. A unit of storage that can store one or more records in a hash file organization is denoted as a)
1.1.2 Graphs We have now converted information from words or pictures to tables to formulae and now we’re going to look at how we can convert information into graphs: Example: If we invest R1 and it doubles every month, how much will we have at the end of 1 year? Let’s first draw a table: Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rands 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 Now let’s depict this information as a graph or chart: We can draw a bar chart:
Measurement issues. Data, even numerically coded variables, can be one of 4 levels - nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. It is important to identify which level a variable is, as this impact the kind of analysis we can do with the data. For example, descriptive statistics such as means can only be done on interval or ratio level data. Please list under each label, the variables in our data set that belong in each group.
Logos is the primary rhetoric in this visual with a tremendous of data and graphs presented to the audience. The bar graphs can be easily interpreted without looking at the specific numbers, but there is a scale available at the bottom for readers who seek the specific numbers. Pathos is conveyed through color schemes, font, and the design of the visual. The color scheme used is dark red, with a grey background and black texts appeals to the pathos of the viewers. The font use is not conventional, and gives a grotesque and unsettling feeling for the viewer.
Maps are a little harder than images because you need to know what the map is trying to show. Once you figure that out though, putting it in your DBQ should be easy. Charts are documents with information in an organized and easy to read form. Many charts will give you information that you can put straight into your DBQ, but sometimes the chart will give you seemingly useless information.
Primarily a demographic analysis of the audience can be conducted. Overall the audience includes a homogenous group of victims that have suffered the
SQL server database latest version is installed and its connection with the proposed visualization tools is tested. Appendix/ data dictionary is analyzed. Our aim for this project is tell stories using data visualizations. This will be accomplished by developing various types of visualization to appreciate and identify trends in data. 3 suggested visualizations, i.e. histograms, stacked charts and barrel chart will be used
3- Methodology, which includes sampling design, research design, collecting information, information analysis and limitations. 4- Findings, which includes conclusions and recommendations
1.Identify the problem being addressed and is it a new problem or a well known problem? There are a variety of wearable sensors like location beacons, accelerometers, cameras, and physiological sensors. But then, there is a need to develop a single device that can monitor a wealth of activities. Secondly, there is a need to develop tools and techniques for continuously sensing user activities of interest, in order to develop a variety of truly ubiquitous computing applications.
Brands have a highly reliable quality management system which supports the company to achieve mission and vision (Yumcsr.com, 2018). The main goal of applying the quality management system to enhance the performance, increase customer satisfaction and educate employees in frim for the concept of the quality management system (Yum.com, 2018). The implement ISO standards for covering all areas of food safety and quality through a clear check of slandered and system (White, 2002). ISO standard support the Yum!
2. Total quality Management According to the Harvard business school professor David A. Garvin, the quality of a product is based on eight important dimensions which are: performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality . The PRADA Group is particularly known for the outstanding quality of its manufacturing processes, and for its excellent raw materials, which are the main determinates to its successful high quality products. The Marketing
TQM is one of the competitive strategies that are widely used within organizations for improving quality and achieving success. The concept of TQM was developed in the late of 1940s and 1960s in Japan after the Second World War by American Freigenbum, Juran and Deming. Top management commitment is one of the core principles in TQM which assumed to have a vital and important role in creating an organizational climate that empower staff (Ramesh, 2013). Customer Focus, leadership, continual improvement and teamwork are distinctive TQM principles that are widely used in healthcare.
In my own words, total quality management approach is the ceaseless procedure of lessening or disposing of blunders in assembling, streamlining store network administration, enhancing the client encounter and guaranteeing that workers are dependent upon pace with their preparation. Total quality management aims to hold all parties in the production process as responsible for the general nature of the overall quality of the final product or service. Total quality management is a management philosophy and company practices that aim to harness the human and material resources of an organization in the most effective way to achieve the objectives of the organization (Hoyle, David 2007). This theory consists of eight principles. The first principle is customer-focused organisation.
Secondly, a methodology that describes the collection of data included together with highlights of limitations and thirdly key findings analysed and interpreted followed by some useful recommendations. Finally some future directions for research have been