Toyota Lean Production System
Syed Irfan S. Sadulla,
Jamia Institute of Engineering and Management studies Akkalkuwa, department of mechanical Engineering. s_irfan1111@rediff.com I. Abstract—Lean manufacturing was first introduced by Eijy Toyota and Taiji Ohno of Toyota motors from Japan in the form of Toyota Production system. They were forced to do this so due to the financial And manpower crisis after world war II. Toyota Production system was about efficient use of manpower with proper utilization of economy, which was nothing but related to make use of available resources at optimum level. In Toyota production system which modified by Ford in the form of lean manufacturing, the focus was on elimination of waste, like operations, manpower, transportation, activities,
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After World War II Toyota motors adopted this lean manufacturing system due to oil crisis in 1973 to keep their assembly line moving. The main purpose of the system is to reduce cost; the system also helps increase in turnover ratio of capital (Jones [3]). TPS was developed and promoted by Toyota Motors Corporation and being adopted by many Japanese companies in the aftermath of 1973 oil shock. This system focuses on elimination of waste that means elimination of unnecessary things which contributes nothing but requires investment like man, machine, or money [4]. The Toyota family actually owned a big textile company in Japan. After World War II, the Toyota family decided to start new venture from Toyota Automatic Loom company to Toyota Motor company. According to Wren and Greenwood, “ The Toyota Automatic Loom works was the product of the inventive and entrepreneurial genius of Sakichi, who perfected Japan’s first power- driven loom and held numerous patent for automatic power looms and textile production. Sakichi sold his auomatic loom patents to finance a research of automobile manufacturing system with his son Kiichiro. In the mean time, General Motors (GM) and Ford assembly plants had located in Japan. Therefore challenging new venture for the Toyota Group was considered a risky business [5]. The main key behind Lean Manufacturing System was to eliminate waste. Waste may be one which doesn’t contribute in fulfilling customer’s need. The goal of Lean manufacturing is to reduce human effort, inventory, time to develop products and space to overcome the customer’s demand by giving them a quality product in the most efficient and economical manner (Nakajima [6]). Lean manufacturing affects cost of production reviewed by many research scholars as, Iraqi manufacturing companies while establishing the basics of Lean manufacturing are
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