Essay About Road Miscommunication

CHAPTER TWO

Review of Related Literature

2.1 Definition

Road Traffic Accident is any vehicle accident occurring in a public highway. It includes collision between vehicles and animals, vehicles and pedestrians or vehicles and stuck obstacles. Single vehicle accidents that involve a single vehicle, which means without other road user, are also enclosed (Safecarguide, 2004). In a similar manner Ajit and Ripunjoy (2004), have mentioned that Accident is an occasion, occurring abruptly, unpredictably and inadvertently under unforeseen circumstances. Seemingly, (Segni, 2007) have also outlined that an accident is a rare, random, multi-factor event always preceded by a situation in which one or more road users have failed to cope with the road environment.

Building on Haddon’s insights, the “systems” approach seeks to identify and rectify the major sources of error or design weakness that contribute to fatal and severe injury crashes, as well as to mitigate the severity and consequences of injury by:

 reducing exposure to risk;

 preventing road traffic crashes from occurring;

 reducing the severity of injury in the event of a crash;

 Reducing the consequences of injury through improved post-collision care.

1. System-wide Approach

In order to achieve better performance in road safety it is necessary to establish more effective road safety management. New road safety management structure has been distinguished by international organizations such as the World Health, (OECD 1994); the World Bank, (Bliss, T. 2004); (OECD, 2002) and (ECMT 2004), It would suffice to use it as a tool while planning and managing the road safety

The thickness of arrows on the chart expresses the relationship between the factors.

Bold arrow indicates high influence of one factor over the other. This model has helped many planers and practitioners before taking intervention decisions.

3. Sharing responsibility for implementation

Road safety is a multi-disciplinary, multi-sectored subject which cannot be delivered by a single agency. In practice, road safety is a shared responsibility national, regional, and local level. It requires government agencies, NGOS and the civil community to foster effective goals. Government leadership and action is decisive to provide adequate funding, set targets, introduce intervention programmers, delivery to partnerships with all key stakeholders and ensure effective implementation and monitoring arrangements. To show the intervention relationship between different agencies, a structure was devised by the European Road Safety Observatory in the year 2006, see Figure