16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Introduction There have been different definitions of personality. According to Allport, Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought (1961). According to Eysenck, personality is influenced by a combination of genetics, biological factors and environment. Day to day when we describe peoples personalities, we refer to terms such as kind, funny, outgoing and worriers etc. these are known as trait terms and Eysenck asserts that we have some of these traits from birth.
2.3.2 Big Five Over the years, trait theorists have devised a number of ways to measure personality, each involving a differing number of traits or factors. Trait psychologists have shown that five traits or factors i.e. Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness appear repeatedly in different research studies. These traits or factors are known as “Five Robust Factors,” or “The Big Five,” they are: a. Neuroticism: The first main personality trait is Neuroticism. It can be described as the tendency to experience negative emotions, notably anxiety, depression, and anger.
Thus, it is possible to anticipate an individual’s behavior in a given situation by knowledge of his/her personality. However, some psychologists like Mischel (1969) questioned the consistency of personality traits. He claimed that personality traits are not sufficient predictors of behavior in different situations. In spite of some disagreements on the consistency of behaviors and the capability of personality traits to determine them, it is generally accepted that traits are indicators of behavior. Farahani (1998) believes that four principles make up the cornerstones of trait theory of personality: 1) certain definite attributes or traits make up personality.
Individuals across the world use various types of personality tests to assess their levels of expertise based on several subjects of interest. The online site, The Human Metrics Jung Typology Test, has created personality test in which one is able to determine a potential career based on several multiple choice questionnaires about their personalities. The test concludes by providing four letters which symbolizes a personality trait and a suitable career for the individual. The humanistic theory of personality developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers can interconnect to the career personality test. This theory stems on the idea of self-actualization and the need to achieve one’s full potential in life after receiving their basic needs.
REPORT OF 16PF TEST "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought” (Allport, 1961). There are various theories which talks about personality. It includes psychoanalytic, trait, learning, biological and evolutionary, and humanistic theories, etc. Psychoanalytic theories of personality originated with the seminal work of Sigmund Freud. According to his tripartite theory of mind, behavior is the dynamic outcome of the struggle between id, ego and superego.
The main aim of this essay is to compare and contrast two of the most enlightening theorists that have added a different perspective to the study of personality in the realm of psychology. The paper aims to expound on the two theories by firstly drawing comparison and then elucidating the disparity between the Behaviorist approach by Burrhup Frederic Skinner and the social learning approach to the study of personality by Albert Bandura. The two theorists at first will be explained separately in order to provide a general understand of the two different approaches . However it is important to first start by defining what is meant by the theories of personality. According to Borere (2006:5) a theory is a modelled reality that assist us to understand, clarify, envisage and control a reality.
The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy As a result of a thorough research on Cattell's and Eysenck's personality trait theories, the Big Five theory was formulated. This model states that there are 5 core traits which collaborate in order to form a single personality. These include: 1. Extraversion - tendency to be active, sociable, person-oriented, talkative, optimistic, empathetic 2. Openness to Experience - tendency to be imaginative, curious, creative and may have unconventional beliefs and values.
Personality of an individual is an important element that determines some aspects of behavior and it would also have an impact towards their thought, emotions and respond to others. This personality is important for the coach or manager to understand the significance of it and its potential effect on athlete performance in the future. The Five Factor Model of Personality is significance to measure the athlete personality to
Situationists believe that personality traits cannot be used to predict behavior because behavior is largely dependent upon the situation. Since there are limits to how well behavior can be predicted using personality traits, they believe situations are more useful in predicting behavior. Supporters of the situationist approach believe that
Chapter 11 covers personality. Personality means the traits that make a person who they are. It is part of our uniqueness. Sigmund Freud came up with one of the first comprehensive theory of personality. He also recognized that our mental life happens outside of our conscious awareness.