Good communication is a skill commonly listed on a Curriculum Vitae, it is a requirement in most professions, but how many of us possess the ability to communicate effectively irrespective of the situation or environment? Communication is ”the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium”(Oxford University Press, 2018). However, to do so effectively one must transmit, interpret, and adapt their method of communication to suit the situation or individual. This essay will explore the theory of Transactional Analysis and relate the model to a personal experience. Through reflection, I will demonstrate an understanding of my cultural influences, the impact these have on my communication style and how I can improve future interactions by applying the principles of Transactional Analysis in my approach.
Transactional Analysis (T.A) is a social psychological theory that incorporates a blend of psychoanalytical and humanistic concepts and values in its approach. Developed in the 1960s by psychoanalyst Eric Berne, its emphasis focusses on comprehending patterns of personal interactions (McLeod, 2009, p. 249). According to McLeod (2009) the cornerstone of T.A is deeply rooted in human motivation and values, it explores the structure of the personality and addresses the notion for personal recognition during social intercourse (p. 250). Berne (1961) suggests, the personality is comprised of three ego states, which interchange and react
1 Deborah Tannen, Ph.D. That’s Not What I Meant!. Amazon, 1987. Reviewed by Shelby D. Slocum, Pittsburg State University, KS. This book provides an explanation of the common misconceptions in communication.
One of Freud’s theories is that the “Id – Ego combination dominates a person’s behavior until social awareness leads to the emergence of the superego, which recognizes that
During this semester, I gained a lot of skills and knowledge about interpersonal relations. As a human being, as a member of the "global village", everyone need to communicate with others. It is important to learn how to communicate well and how to build a healthy and positive interpersonal relationship with others. Like the textbook’ name “Looking Out Looking In”, we looked in the communication itself, looked out the language barrier, nonverbal messages and effective listening, and looked at relational dynamics. I learned and recognized about how environmental factors can impact our communication.
Psychoanalysis was first introduced by Sigmund Freud and is now known as classical psychoanalysis. The theory, as defined by Sigmund Freud, is the dynamic between underlying forces that determine behavior and personality. He stressed the importance of human sexuality, childhood experiences, and the unconscious processes. However, his theory was seen as misogynistic and narrow focused. Consequently, classical psychoanalysis was criticized and rejected by many scholars.
Over the years, many theories have been developed to study the human personality. Some of the notable theories are psychoanalytic theory, trait theory, humanistic theory and behavioural theory. In this assignment, we have chosen to compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories. Psychoanalytic Theory
Self-reflections on communication skills It is inescapable to have interpersonal conflict in any relationships and situations. (Solomon&Theiss, 2013) Yet, we should be able to handle conflicts with skills. Regarding the conflict I encountered, there are some communication skills I should have known and
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION- It is form of exchanging information through the usage of messages, non-verbal actions and facial expressions. This type of communication is useful in professional, personal and social life of a person. Some principles and nature of interpersonal communication in reference to the movie ‘CAST AWAY’ are listed below- PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION- 1. Interpersonal communication is a transactional process-
Many theories of group counselling have borrowed ideas and approaches from psychoanalysis. The primary aim of the analytic process is reorganize the client’s personality and character structure. This aim is attained by making unconscious conflicts conscious and analysing them. Wolf (1963, 1975) developed group applications of fundamental psychoanalytic approaches such as working with transference, free association, dreams, and the historical factors of existing behaviour. The group leader relates understanding to the family-like relations that emerge among the members and between the members and the therapist.
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Many researchers have tried to revise after Freud 's psychoanalysis, to show the value associated with the process and I have to follow their development (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004). The most prominent of the so-called ego psychology was Erik Erikson. As with other postfreydistov for Erickson the greatest importance was the self and its adaptive capacity in connection with the problem of the individual. However, this does not mean that he neglected his theory of biological or social factors (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004).
Introduction Sigmund Freud is the great theorist of the mysteries of the human mind and a founder of the psychoanalysis theory which was formed in the 1800s, the theory is well known for accessing self-identity and the self in different ways in order to discover their different meaning, (Elliott, 2015). Buss (2008) states that Sigmund’s theory of Psychoanalysis offers a unique controversial insight into how the human mind works in a way that, this theory provided a new approach to psychotherapy, thus it means that it provided a new treatment for psychological problems that even highly qualified doctors couldn’t even cure. (Buss, 2008) According to Cloninger (2013), Erik Erikson on the other hand is the founder of the psychoanalytic-social Perspective which is mostly referred to as psychosocial development theory, Erikson became interested in child development when he met Anna Freud and he trained in psychoanalysis and with his Montessori diploma, he become one of the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.
1 4 Life positions People’s opinions differ from each other and will cause a certain amount of conflict between them that manifest themselves as an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours (Berne, 1964). He defined transactional analysis as “the method for studying interactions between individuals”, and identified three alter ego states that are present in every person, namely the parent, child and adult that is briefly described below. 4.1 Parent This type of behaviour is the result of our upbringing and education during the first five years of life and is evidenced by anger or impatient body language and expressions and words such as always, never and other words of a critical nature (Berne, 1964).
Introduction: The process of communicating successfully with our family, friends, co-workers, business associates and people is one of the most critical skills. Communication is such a key part of life that I often tell to a person that “Its no use of someone if he/she really don’t know by associates people in their work place or area of field”. Communication makes us to be known of others, good or bad that depends on usability of a person communication. And, it is up to each of us to learn to communicate well with those who are important to us.
(Freud, 1949) Help is provided to the clients to enable them strengthen their EGO and protect it from being in any conflict between their ID and SUPEREGO. This theory is used to rectify the client’s character and their system of personality if found to have issues. The theory aims at making the unconscious, conscious by releasing the repressed emotions and experiences. Psychoanalytic theory also aims at helping clients work through their developmental stages not previously resolved well to solve the problem of fixation.
Introduction Business communication is a process where both the employer and the employees in a company share and exchange information. Be it the corporate world or the education arena, priority is given to ‘speaking’ correct English. People in these fields have understood that communication skills mean speaking skills. Most people think that writing skills are not essential for effective communication. But that is not the truth.
With an array of new challenges and responsibilities to tackle, inexperienced managers often need suitable training to understand their roles and responsibilities. This course will train managers in critical skills required for planning, supervising, and communicating effectively. For a manager to reach out to the employees efficiently, it is vital to be aware of the various channels of communication. This course will guide you through the various barriers to effective communication and suggest solutions to overcome them.