Translation Quality Assessment Model

1.2Translation Quality Assessments Models:

1.2.1. TQA Definition:

Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) has been defined by many researchers as a process whereby a translation critic examines a translated text .In such a process, the critic uses some kinds of criteria to objectively evaluate a translation. To ensure a high quality translation, evaluation should be based on high standards. But, first, it is a need to establish high standards of translation quality which have been expressed by many researchers.

The evaluation of a quality of translation is the main concern of TQA . Gabriela Soldonho and Sharon O'berin discussed the concept of TQA . They stated that translation evaluation has been done for centuries. They mentioned that this

She stated that translation is a matter of communication across different cultures . It is obvious that this definition is a comprehensive one because it combines the social, human , linguistic, and cultural elements. Juliane House's TQA model can be placed within linguistcally – based approaches. She published her PhD dissertation: A Model for Translation Quality Assessment and Some Implications for Foreign Language Teaching in 1976 and later re-published it in 1977 .

She developed her Model and re-published it again in 1997 in her book: Translation Quality Assessment : A Model Revisited.

Her latest Modified Model is published in 2015 in her book

: Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present.

1.2.2.1.1 The Original Housian Model of TQA (1977): It is the most systematic and objective attempt at providing explicit practical guidelines for a coherent analysis of translation and its assessment. The model is based on pragmatic theories of language use. In her 1977 model, the preservation of meaning is basic. This preservation depends on three

In covert translation, the translator role is to make transformations by using cultural filter. Consequently, the translation may be very distant from the original. Obviously, the original text and its covert translation need not to be equivalent at language \text levels and register but they have to be equivalent at textual function and genre.

It is notable that covert and overt translation kinds include most of texts. Examples of overt translation kinds are political, simplified, literary, religious texts, etc. On the other hand, covert translation kinds include business circulars, scientific texts, journalistic texts, advertisements and information booklets. This thesis is going to assess three English translations of Hadith. According to Housain model, the religious texts like “Hadith" should be translated overtly. Therefore, the translator had to use overt translation to translate Hadith from Arabic into English. Now, based on the features of overt translation, this thesis will use this aspect in assessing the quality of Hadith translations. In other words, translating Hadith overtly will be one of the new HTQA