Overt Translation Quality
Two approaches to translation quality assessment
Assessment is defined as the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality or ability of someone or something (Oxford University Press). In this case, it is about the quality of translation works. “The evaluation of translations should start with the establishing of what kind of text type the source text belongs to” (Reiss, 1971). Basically, Reiss states that a process should be performed to determine the kind of text with which translators are dealing. Then, depending on the kind of text that translators are working with, they should use a different approach for the assessment of the translation. Reiss classifies texts according to their function and, depending on this, they can be categorized
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The type of translation will depend on the aim of the translation. Here, House gives an explanation about overt translation which is, along with covert translation, one of the two types of translations available. The main difference between overt and covert translations is the perception the receivers have of them. An overt translation is intended to be appreciated as that: a translation. It does not try to become a “second original” and it is closely linked to the source culture.
Conversely, a covert translation and the original text are to be equivalent at the level of language. A covert translation enjoys the status of an original ST in the target culture, and it is not tied to the source language and culture (Gehrmann, Tranlation Quality Assessment: A Model in Practice, 2011). ST and TT are pragmatically of equal concern for source and target language addressees. It is addressed to the target culture.
In order to determine properly if a translation is covert or overt, House uses a set of linguistic elements to build her own model of translation
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(2) To this is added a description of the ST genre realized by the register.
(3) Together, this allows a “statement of function” to be made for the ST, including the ideational and interpersonal component of that function (in other words, what information is being conveyed and what the relationship is between sender and receiver)
(4) The same descriptive process is then carried out for the TT.
(5) The TT profile is compared to the ST profile and a statement of “mismatches” or errors is produced, categorized according to genre and to the situational dimensions of register and genre; these dimensional errors are referred to as “covertly erroneous errors”, to distinguish them from “overtly erroneous errors”, which are denotative mismatches or target system errors.
(6) A “statement of quality” is then made of the translation.
(7) Finally, the translation can be categorized into one of two types: overt translation or covert
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