URBAN MENTAL HEALTH Urbanization being defined as the increase in the number of cities and urban population, is not only a demographic movement but also includes, social, economic and psychological changes that constitute the demographic movement. It is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to industrialization and economic development. The rapid increase in urban population worldwide is one among the important global health issues of the 21st century. In India approximately 28% of the India’s population lives in cities and this is expected to increase to 41% by the year 2020 (UN World Urbanization Prospects 2008). Urbanization affects mental health through the influence of increased stressors and factors such as overcrowded and polluted environment, high levels of violence, and reduced social support.
The purchase of automobiles in India have increased manifold during the last decade. This is largely due to growing urbanization, economic development and increasing per capita income. With this there has been intense competition among the automobile
In addition, it is the responsibility and contribution of the present people towards the future generations. Transportation is a essential prerequisite for a society’s development and improvement of people’s life. As the Malaysian economy grew rapidly in this few years, the importance of transportation sector has been realized for both continuous economic growth and improvement of standard of living. The increasing number of passenger and vehicle time over time increasing trip lengths and traffic densities, thereby increasing the energy used for propulsion of vehicles. Moreover, with the increase of income levels as well as unconstrained expansion of the cities, the private vehicle population has grown year through year in Malaysia.
The world’s population will continue to urbanize even after it stops growing around 2050, and we have entered “the century of the city” (Anonymous, 2010). Higher levels of urbanization often correspond to higher levels of economic and social development at the national and regional scales, but urbanites usually have substantially greater and more diverse demands for resource consumption than agrarians, thus adversely affecting ecosystems and landscapes at the local and regional scales. During the past three decades, China’s urban population increased from 18% in 1978 to 52.6% in 2012 while the city ‘built-up area,’ doubled and residents increased by 2.5 times. The pace, depth, and magnitude of these changes, while bringing about benefits to local people and the global economy, are causing severe ecological stresses on both local human living conditions and regional life support systems. Facing ever increasing environmental challenges of urban flooding, heat island effects, haze and smoggy atmosphere, a new vision and new path of ecologically sound urbanization in governance, engineering and
2. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Process 2.0 System Analysis System analysis is the analysis of a problem that a firm tries to solve with an information system. It consists of defining the problem, identifying its causes, specifying the solution, and identifying the information requirements that must be met by a system solution. In order to classify the main problems in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM), we had conducted the following activities. First we need to examine the current CRM system, and research more in online and newspaper of the current system used by Malaysia Airlines (Mas Airlines).
Due to the constant increase of the world’s population, electricity use kept on increasing “65% of environmental pollution is estimated to come from energy use”, and the number of vehicles on the road creating air pollution was greater than it have ever been. Because of this, pollution kills
One of the important phenomena in the development process is the economic growth. Today in a fast-paced world of high economic growth and with the rapid growth in the process of urbanisation across the globe, it is important to understand the very nature of economic sectors and its structural shifts in the different sectors. In this paper I will focus in the context of developing nations and in particularly, India. The Indian economy has been experiencing unprecedented rate of growth since the last one decade. It will be interesting to see the intertwined nature of division of labour in the market.
Rapid urbanization along with increasing industrial, economic and commercial development, have given rise to an increased generation of various types of waste. The amount of waste generation rates is related with the socio-economic development, degree of industrialization and climate. Generally, the larger the economic growth and increase in the percentage of urban population, the greater amount of solid waste is produced. For the municipal planners, n recent years, the management of solid waste continues to be one of the major issues due to rise in population levels. Without damaging the ecosystem and human population, planners are thus forced to consider alternate and available means of waste management.
With the steady growth in global population, everyday more number of people are moving towards cities. It is expected that world’s total urban population will double by the year 2050. Growth of urban centers, urban region geographical boundaries’ expansion, and increase in size of population including natural growth in population, migration of people from rural area to urban areas are major factors that contributes towards rapidly growing urbanization. Cities are also one of the main drivers of economic growth of country which contributes higher share of National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). More than 60% of the India’s GDP is contributed by the people living in the cities.
This thesis starts after with chapter 1 introduction as includes background, aim and adjectives of the study, justification of study, key variables and hypothesis. The next chapter 2 provides details of theoretical background of the study. After then, chapter 3 indicates some statistical survey previously done by the National and international body regarding child nutritional status in Bangladesh. Next, chapter 4 provides materials and methods of the study consisting research site, map of the areas, aspects of the study, reconnaissance survey, research Instruments, research design, questionnaire and pretesting, formation of study questionnaire, sampling selection and method, data collection, framework of data collection and data analysis. Then chapter 5 illustrates the result and discussion of the research.