Clan And Tribe Analysis
A number of scholars have reviewed the use of terms such as ‘clan’ and ‘tribe’ by anthropologists working in Africa. Assess some of the problems they have raised and offer your own perspective on the matter.
Anthropologist often use the terms ‘clan’ and ‘tribe’ when they compile their studies about Africa however their use of these terms have recently come under attack. This essay will explore what problems the use of these terms brings up by identifying the problems which have been brought up by some scholars and evaluating them.
Clan membership means that one is a descendent of a common ancestor whom the clan is named after. Clan membership is determined by the principles of patrilineal descent which means that all children belong to the clan of their father. The exception is in the case of illegitimate children where
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However, imposing the same concept on societies that have been severely changed by European colonialism, and have been successfully drawn into a capitalist money economy and a world market, would be wrong (Mafeje 1971: 258). Colonial authorities helped to create the things called 'tribes' and the idea was perpetuated by the anthropologists' preoccupation with 'tribes'. This provided the material and the ideological base of what is now called 'tribalism' and the modern African, who is a product of colonialism, has the same perception of Africa (Mafeje 1971: 254). This is because the class which has the means of production at its disposal has control, at the same time, over the means of mental production, so that the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to
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