Aim:2 Expanding the Application of Conductive Polymer for Solid Phase Extraction
2.1 (New Direction) Application of Polypyrrole based Conductive Polymer Coating Material for Extraction, Determination and Quantification of Active Ingredient in Personal Care Products
2.1.1 Introduction
Triclosan is commonly used in personal care and household products such as shampoo, toothpaste, soaps, detergents, skin care creams and lotions because of its antimicrobial properties. As per US food and drug agency (USFDA) the typical concentration of triclosan should not exceed 0.3% (w/w) of product weight42. The reports suggest that triclosan is transported to municipal wastewater treatment plants through domestic sewage and finally discharged in aquatic environment from wastewater effluent43. The
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Triclosan has been found in river water, lake water, fish and human milk44. Apart from these effects of triclosan, these compounds are also known to have endocrine disrupting effect particularly regarding thyroid hormones homeostasis45. Thus, it is very important to develop methods that can selectively determine and extract triclosan from environmental waters.
Several analytical techniques have been used for determination of triclosan such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)46, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)47, high performance liquid chromatography-UV(HPLC-UV)48, and capillary electrophoresis-UV (CE-UV)49. Various analyte pre-concentration techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction(LLE)50, solid phase extraction
Insecticides are found in urban streams. Herbicides used in agricultural production are found in water from rural watersheds. Furthermore Bartram states that pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture frequently lead to the contamination of surface water and groundwater. According to Harrison pesticides in water aquifers are not easily degraded and persist in the aquifers due to reduced microbial activity, lower
Traveling from the U.S. mint into the hands, pockets, and wallets of citizens, ultimately, pennies will develop a dirty look due to daily interactions with their surroundings. In recent years, many have discovered possible solutions to restore the original shine of copper pennies. In order to determine what solution most effectively sterilizes our common pocket money, it is crucial to understand what makes pennies dull in the first place and what can counter this reaction. Over time, pennies receive a dark coating, creating a dull appearance.
With the predicted increase in prescription of this pharmaceutical around the world there has been an increased interest in the effect it has on the non-target aquatic organisms.
Did you know some byproducts of of chloramine are way more toxic than chlorines? A byproduct is a secondary or incidental product formed from the first. In the article it states that “ Chloramines are widely used in the U.S, and water providers in the East Bay and San Francisco already rely on the source. Another reason to why Chloramines are dangerous because it is toxic to aquatic life, including the mosquito fish, the mosquito fishes are put into our ponds to control the mosquito populations.
Name: Amra Aliyu Lab partner: Jamie Liang Lab: Empire of Electricity Course: Chem 106 Date: 7/11/2015 INTRODUCTION A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that goes through a redox reaction and produces electrical energy . It converts chemical energy to electrical energy and the energy goes from the anode to the cathode. In this lab we had manipulate an exothermic zinc reaction to produce electricity.
1. Introduction The objective of the experiments was to determine the identity of an unknown compound in order to properly dispose it. The process of disposal is very important when dealing with chemicals. Some chemicals are very
In this lab, three unknown compounds were separated from a mixture and identified by melting point. Unknown mixture #124 has components of acid, base and neutral compound. The compounds were identified by melting point and matched up with the known melting points from a given list. In order to identify the compound it was important to separate by dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent which was not soluble in water, and then extracting the solution first with HCl, and then dilute sodium hydroxide solution. From the separation mixture, the aqueous layer were obtained and labeled as TT-1 (base), TT-2(acid) and TT-3 (neutral) in three different test tubes for later recovery.
The purpose of this experiment was to isolate the three components of Excedrin using column chromatography. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine when each of the components had been fully eluted from the column. If there was an overlap in fractions between two components, liquid- liquid extraction was done to separate them. The compounds were characterized via NMR instrumentation and the percent recovery for each compound was calculated to determine whether the isolation was
In 1995, the National Water Quality Assessment Program collected water samples from thirty domestic wells to understand the concentrations and occurrence of pesticides and nitrates (Burow & Dubrowsky,
Advancement in chemical research has given companies the ability to make increasingly more effective products. These companies are allowed to manufacture goods with newly discovered synthetic compounds, often without much rigorous testing to determine if they are safe. An apparent correlation between the recent use of industrial chemicals and occurrences of disease in the population has been found, suggesting that they may be harmful to people’s health. Studies have shown that many commonly used ingredients can interfere with hormones, causing reproductive and developmental harm and even cancer. With the wide range of negative effects possibly caused by these substances, attention needs to be brought to regulation of chemical use in order to protect the health of the public.
In the first chapter of “Living Downstream” by Sandra Steingraber discussed about personal experiences living in Illinois and discovering how much the landscape has changed over the years. In addition to the changing landscape, cancer, especially breast cancer, has increased in the prairies of Illinois and pesticides usage may cause. Much of the discussion first begin with the change of landscape as the prairies of Illinois has become a place for farming and pesticides. As farming became an important aspect of Illinois, pesticides were created to remove any bugs or insects from the product that is being farmed. A few pesticides formulas that came to be are atrazine, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Our beautiful state of Florida is one the richest states when it comes to the diversity of ecosystems. Especially when it comes to our aquatic life such as freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. The state of Florida is one of the states that its water supply is gathered from many different rivers, streams, and springs throughout the whole entire state. All of the aquatic ecosystems are connected in some sort of way. No matter the running water below the surface, the ground water, and or the water on the surface all help our drinkable water supplies, every single industry present in our state, help keep wildlife habitats thriving, improve our agricultural success within our communities.
TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.
Disinfection Chemicals Introduction Water disinfection is removal, deactivation or elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria gets damaged or even deactivated, disabling reproduction. Disinfectants must not just eliminate bacteria. They must have residual effect. The disinfectant must not allow pathogenic bacteria to develop within the domestic plumbing after disinfection, causing water being decontaminated.
These drugs are among the most prescribed for human consumption. SSRI are used to treat depression and anxiety while dopamine agonistics are used to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson are restless legs syndrome. Unlike cotton wipes or food, chemical substances are difficult to eliminate from sewage waters and often they reach natural waterways. Considering that the monoaminergic system is highly preserved throughout the animal kingdom several ecological implications that need rise from this