Type 2 Diabetes Case Study Essay

Arteries may get damaged due to the high intake of homocysteine. High consumption can make the blood to get blocked and it can make high risk to our body. This type of disease is called thrombus. There should not be any clot on your blood vessels otherwise it will block your lungs which is called pulmonary embolism, also the brain which can cause stroke, or into the heart which can even cause to the heart attack. The people who suffer from high levels of homocysteine are at a high risk so they need to consult doctor for the further treatments.

For Mr. Tripson’s urine test, the physician wants to examine his dissolved particle-to-water levels, or osmolarity. Polyuria is a condition in which you lose a lot of water in your urine; the osmolarity test will determine how much water and what concentration of particles are in it. The two particles the physician is specifically interested in observing are glucose and ketones, both of which are indicators of diabetes mellitus. A presence of ketones in your urine could mean your body is burning fat instead of glucose for energy, which is common in diabetic patients, and could potentially lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of diabetes that can be fatal.

This inhibits vitamin B12 from moving to the small intestine and absorption. The third stage in a normal body is, after absorbing vitamin B12, it is stored in the liver and bone marrow to manufacture erythrocytes. However, in the third stage of pernicious anemia, the amount of vitamin B12 is decreasing in the liver and bone marrow, which

lastly the post- renal causes include, obstruction of the bladder; the kidney produces more urine but due to the obstruction it acts like a dam instead of emptying and soon forces the kidney to shut down and kidney stones which only causes the disorder if only one kidney is present. The main cause of this conditions is the accumulation of waste products in the kidney. In some cases kidney failure can be treated and they can go back to normal

Fluid retention increases progressively with deteriorating renal function and thus contributes to the development of heart failure and hypertension. The third unique feature is the nature of vascular disease in this population, which has led to scepticism about the adoption of treatments and treatment strategies proven in the general population. The characteristic feature of the vessels is calcification- to a large extent the result of hyperparathyroidism in renal disease in peripheral and coronary vessels (Allan J Collins et al., 2003). The extent to which atherosclerosis in such vessels differs from the general population and the efficacy of established treatments such as statins—remains uncertain and unproven. Finally the mode of death in advanced renal disease is atypical, classical myocardial infarction being relatively unusual and

The atrial flutter was causing the heart to beat faster, which decreased the time available for the left ventricle to fill with blood, causing a decrease in cardiac output. This is evident by the confusion, and increased need for oxygen. The patients son reported that the patient had begun using oxygen throughout the day when, normally, she was only using it at night. The left ventricle, contracting abnormally, started having blood flow back into the lungs, increasing the after load of the right ventricle. Increased pressure in the arterioles, surrounding the alveoli, causes leaking to occur and deposit fluid into the alveoli.

• Anemia- When your kidneys are not working correctly, your body may not have enough red blood cells • Skeletal Disorders- ESRD can cause bone tenderness and muscle weakness. • Heart disease- Heart disease is the most common cause of death among people on dialysis.

Overthinking worsens stress. It twists things around, makes one worry over useless things, ruins the situation and creates problems that are not there in the first place. Studies show that 84% of people who are stressed is caused by overthinking (Anderson, McGovern & Norris, 2003). Physical Effects of Stress The observable physiological changes caused by stress are hair loss, weight gain, brittle nails, general appearance of exhaustion, advancement of aging process, and weakening of skin 's healing process.

The damage will cause the walls to harden over time and lose elasticity and increase blood pressure, as well as increase the work load on the heart. (Neighbors) The harden vessel cannot expand and accept the surge of blood that is produced by the heart. Once the inner wall of your artery is damaged from injuries, inflammation or disease; this creates a weak area or tear in the artery walls where the buildup of plaque and other cellular waster products will accumulate at the site and develop into a process called Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by deposits of fatty or lipid materials in the thickening of the walls.

Heart failure is a chronic (ongoing) situation that develops in excess of time. It is generally caused by underlying conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart disease. These conditions damage our heart, making the heart muscle thick. The damaged muscle either cannot slow down properly to let the pumping chambers of the heart, the ventricles, fill with enough blood, or it cannot contract well to let the ventricles pump out enough blood.

Hypoperfusion refers to inadequate supply of oxygen to the body organs; this is a sign that is associated with the blood. By reducing the blood flow in other parts of the body, it will increase the blood flow to the brain, vital organs and heart. The causes of shocks were excessive loss of blood, excessive pain, infection, heart attack, stroke, poisoning by chemicals, drugs, gases, lack of O2, physiological trauma, dehydration from burns, vomiting and diarrhea. Some symptoms are rapid & weak pulse, rapid breathing, low blood pressure, vomiting/nausea, blurred vision and other signs. In order to treat them, the medical personnels should eliminate the causes of the shock, provide enough blood and oxygen in our body, and there’s different types of injuries, so positioning the shock victim is based on the injury unless the place is dangerous.

Jaundice is more apparent in the whites of the eyes. 4. Mrs. Fender’s prolonged clotting times and excessive bruising are related. Again, referring to normal physiological functioning of the liver, why do these two things happen when alcohol damages

It can also happen to due kidney diseases. They are three kinds of Metabolic alkalosis, 1) Hypocloermic alkalosis is caused by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, from prolonged vomiting. 2) Hypokelemic alkalosis, which is caused by the kidneys response to an extreme loss or lack of potassium. This can happen from taking diuretics.

Thesis; Dilated Cardiomyopathy can be caused by genetics, drug or alcohol abuse, chemotherapy, infection, or from a heart disease. Cardiomyopathy is a serious condition where the heart is abnormal. If left untreated, it is common that you could go into heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy is where the heart chambers are enlarged. It makes it harder for your heart to pump blood and for that blood to get to the rest of your body.

For some people, excess sodium leads to fluid retention in the body, and this causes the heart to have to work harder. If your heart has to pump harder, your blood pressure goes up. Excess dietary sodium may also increase your risk for heart failure and stroke. Too much salt could cause impacts on our bones , this could trigger osteoporosis a condition of diminished bone mass and increasingly fragile bone . also our kidneys could be affected too as too much sodium could have a negative impact and gives u a high chance of getting kidney stones .