“Terrorism is the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against government, public or individual to attain in political objective”. Terrorism can be divided in two categories. It is ‘discriminate’ when an attack is made by a known enemy e.g. American drone attacks in tribal areas of Pakistan. ‘Indiscriminate’ terrorism can
Acts of terrorism were not labeled in the classic sense as today but rather had different labels in different epoch. What started as random sporadic hit and run attacks, later transformed into more vicious acts of violence. These acts were simply aimed at mere arm-twisting for various concessions or goals set by the perpetuators of these terrorist organizations. The phenomenon underwent various transition stages, each lasting for roughly one to two decades according to world renowned scholar David C. Rapoport. In year 2004 Rapoport defined four distinct waves of terrorism which help in understanding the evolution of terrorism.
It is therefore necessary do in-depth analysis on terrorists’ motivation because their purpose reflects the methods and targets the terrorists are most likely to select. Domestic terrorism is any intended violent act that violates the criminal laws of a state and endangers the citizens of that particular state. These acts include violent right wings extremists, paramilitary organisations, abortion clinic bombers, violent anti-immigrant groups, use violence in terms of race and ethnicity and any other act that endangers the lives of citizens of a state or acts that violates the criminal laws of that particular state. Therefore, domestic terrorism refers to any kind of crime that violates the peace of domestic citizens. Another
Belal Khazaal2 Belal Khazaal was charged for inciting terrorism by launching a book named jihad. He was later found guilty by the NSW Supreme Court. PROBLEMS AHEAD: Within the context discussed above, terrorism is in many regards a mode of attack than being an institution or an entity. There is probably no culture or society of terrorists that are distinctive in appearance or are bound by a particular geography. Nationalism, political expression and religious extremism are totally heavy motivators for security terrorism.
For an instance, sub-national groups involve in violence acts at times in the secessionist movement that nearly are terrorism acts in which there might be civilians’ indiscriminate movement among other things (Lutz & Lutz 2004). Besides, terrorists and freedom fighters are not jointly exclusive groups. Terrorists can also contend for countrywide liberation and on the other hand, freedom fighters can conduct inhumane violence acts and atrocities. More than one-third of particularly designated international terrorists recognized by the treasury department of the United States are linked to self-determination movements. Hence, both freedom fighters and terrorists seem having this in general- they contradict that ‘independence can be triumph by very peaceful means.
The Two Types of Terrorism Terrorism has always been part of the world since evil has existed. But now with modern tools and the advancement of technology, we have met a new and quicker caliber of destruction, called terrorism. September 11, 2001, is the date when terrorism made its fearful presence in the United States of America. There are two types of terrorism, Domestic and International. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) website international terrorism is defined as the following “Perpetrated by individuals and/or groups inspired by or associated with designated foreign terrorist organizations or nations (state-sponsored).” Domestic terrorism is defined by them as “Perpetrated by individuals and/or groups inspired
Defining the concept of terrorism has lead to many debates that have yet to reach an agreed upon universal definition. Throughout the study of political science and psychology many scholars have pioneered definitions for this term, yet none have emerged as universal. The most commonly used definition of terrorism can simply be defined as, a vicious act of violence domestic or foreign. Bruce Hoffman defines terrorism as the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the attainment of political objectives. Hoffman like many other scholars studying terrorism asserts the act of violence is carried out in attempt to reach political agendas.
For example, Osama Bin Laden chose to be a terrorist because he was angry at two things: the corruption he saw in Saudi Arabia’s government and the western influence on Middle Eastern life. He organized the terrorist group Al-Qaeda which had a hand in this event. On the internet or the news, there are multiple stories of people taken hostage and forced to work for terrorist groups or engage in these sickening acts. Someone who uses violence and threats to intimidate or coerce others for a political purpose is the definition of a terrorist. It can be inferred with this definition that anyone is capable of being a
The target of terrorist is random; they attack both combatant and non-combatant or civilians. They attack people randomly because they do not have a specific target; they just want to terror the civilians and spread the feeling of fear and it is enough for them if people already fear. The example is the terrorists act in Bali in 2002, they do not see whether it is combatant or non-combatant, they attack both. The target of insurgent is the combatant. Combatant is like police, or army that can fight in a war.
In contrast with both these types of terrorism is the Postmodern terrorism. In this, the aim of the activity is to alter the very reality of the conflict. This is done through the use of CBRN (i.e. chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons) to inflict far-reaching and unimaginable damage to the very core of the enemy. Another